Amashanyarazi adahagarara (UPS) tekinoroji yakoreshejwe mubikorwa bitandukanye mumyaka myinshi kugirango ishyigikire imikorere yimitwaro yingenzi mugihe cyo guhagarika amashanyarazi kuva kuri gride.Izi sisitemu zagiye zikoreshwa ahantu henshi hatandukanye kugirango zitange ubudahangarwa bw'inyongera ziva kuri gride zibangamira imikorere yimitwaro isobanuwe.Sisitemu ya UPS ikoreshwa kenshi mukurinda mudasobwa, ibikoresho bya mudasobwa nibikoresho byitumanaho.Hamwe nihindagurika rya vuba ryikoranabuhanga rishya ryingufu, sisitemu yo kubika ingufu (ESS) yagwiriye vuba.ESS, cyane cyane abakoresha tekinoroji ya batiri, mubisanzwe itangwa nisoko ishobora kuvugururwa nkizuba ryumuyaga cyangwa umuyaga kandi bigafasha kubika ingufu zakozwe naya masoko kugirango ikoreshwe mubihe bitandukanye.

Muri iki gihe US ANSI isanzwe ya UPS ni UL 1778, Igipimo cya sisitemu zidashobora guhagarara.na CSA-C22.2 No 107.3 kuri Kanada.UL 9540, Igipimo cya Sisitemu yo Kubika Ingufu n’ibikoresho, ni cyo gihugu cy’Abanyamerika na Kanada kuri ESS.Mugihe byombi ibicuruzwa bikuze bya UPS hamwe na ESS byihuta byihuta byakozwe bifite aho bihurira mubisubizo bya tekiniki, ibikorwa no kwishyiriraho, hari itandukaniro ryingenzi.Uru rupapuro ruzasubiramo itandukaniro rikomeye, rugaragaze ibisabwa byumutekano wibicuruzwa bikenewe bijyanye na buri kimwe hanyuma uvuge muri make uko code igenda ihinduka mugukemura ubwoko bwombi bwububiko.

KumenyekanishaUPS

Imiterere

Sisitemu ya UPS ni sisitemu y'amashanyarazi yashizweho kugirango itange ako kanya imbaraga zigihe gito zisimburana-zishingiye ku mizigo ikomeye mugihe habaye ikibazo cya gride yamashanyarazi cyangwa izindi miyoboro yamashanyarazi.UPS ifite ubunini kugirango itange ako kanya imbaraga zateganijwe mbere yigihe runaka.Ibi bituma ingufu za kabiri zituruka, urugero, generator, kuza kumurongo no gukomeza hamwe nububiko bwimbaraga.UPS irashobora guhagarika neza imizigo itari ngombwa mugihe ikomeje gutanga ingufu kubikoresho byingenzi byingenzi.Sisitemu ya UPS itanga iyi nkunga ikomeye kubikorwa bitandukanye mumyaka myinshi.UPS izakoresha ingufu zabitswe ziva mumasoko ahuriweho.Ubusanzwe ni banki ya batiri, supercapacitor cyangwa ingendo ya mashini ya flawheel nkisoko yingufu.

Ubusanzwe UPS ikoresha banki ya batiri kubitangwa igizwe nibice byingenzi bikurikira:

Ikosora / charger - Iki gice cya UPS gifata imiyoboro ya AC, ikagikosora kandi ikabyara ingufu za DC zikoreshwa mugutwara bateri.

• Inverter - Mugihe habaye ikibazo cyo gutanga amashanyarazi, inverter izahindura ingufu za DC zibitswe muri bateri mumashanyarazi meza asukuye akwiranye nibikoresho bishyigikiwe.

• Kwimura ibintu - Igikoresho cyikora kandi cyihuse cyohereza imbaraga ziva mumasoko atandukanye, urugero imiyoboro, UPS inverter na generator, kumutwaro ukomeye.

• Banki ya Batiri - Kubika ingufu zikenewe kuri UPS kugirango ikore imirimo igenewe.

Ibipimo bigezweho kuri sisitemu ya UPS

• Muri iki gihe US ANSI yo muri Amerika kuri UPS ni UL 1778 / C22.2 No 107.3, Igipimo cy’amashanyarazi adahagarara, gisobanura UPS nk '“ihuriro ry’imihindagurikire, imiyoboro, n’ibikoresho bibika ingufu (nka bateri) bigize imbaraga. Sisitemu yo gukomeza imbaraga z'umutwaro mu gihe habaye ingufu zananiranye. ”

• Munsi yiterambere ni inyandiko nshya za IEC 62040-1 na IEC 62477-1.UL / CSA 62040-1 (ukoresheje UL / CSA 62477-1 nkibipimo ngenderwaho) bizahuzwa nibi bipimo.

Kumenyekanisha kubika ingufu sisitemu (ESS)

ESS zirimo kwiyongera nkigisubizo cyibibazo byinshi byugarije kuboneka kandi

kwiringirwa ku isoko ryingufu zubu.ESS, cyane cyane abakoresha tekinoroji ya batiri, ifasha kugabanya impinduka zihari zituruka kumasoko ashobora kuvugururwa nkizuba cyangwa umuyaga.ESS ni isoko yimbaraga zizewe mugihe cyo gukoresha cyane kandi irashobora gufasha mugucunga imizigo, guhindagurika kwamashanyarazi nibindi bikorwa bijyanye na gride.ESS ikoreshwa mubikorwa byingirakamaro, ubucuruzi, inganda n’imiturire.

Ibipimo bigezweho kuri ESS

UL 9540, Igipimo cya Sisitemu yo Kubika Ingufu n’ibikoresho, ni cyo gihugu cy’Abanyamerika na Kanada kuri ESS.

• Yatangajwe bwa mbere muri 2016, UL 9540 ikubiyemo tekinoroji nyinshi ya ESS harimo na sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za batiri (BESS).UL 9540 ikubiyemo kandi ubundi buhanga bwo kubika: imashini ya ESS, urugero, ububiko bwa flawheel ihujwe na generator, imiti ya ESS, urugero, ububiko bwa hydrogène buhujwe na sisitemu ya lisansi, hamwe na ESS yumuriro, urugero, kubika ubushyuhe bwihishwa bifatanije na generator.
• UL 9540, integuro yayo ya kabiri isobanura uburyo bwo kubika ingufu nka "Ibikoresho byakira ingufu hanyuma bigatanga uburyo bwo kubika izo mbaraga muburyo bumwe kugirango bikoreshwe nyuma kugirango bitange ingufu z'amashanyarazi mugihe bikenewe."Inyandiko ya kabiri ya UL 9540 irasaba kandi ko BESS yakorerwa UL 9540A, Uburyo busanzwe bwo gupima uburyo bwo gusuzuma ikwirakwizwa ry’umuriro wa Thermal Runaway muri sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za Bateri, nibisabwa kugira ngo huzuzwe ibitagenda neza muri kode.
• UL 9540 kuri ubu iri mu nshuro yayo ya gatatu.

Kugereranya ESS na UPS

Imikorere nubunini

ESS isa nubwubatsi na UPS ariko itandukanye mugukoresha.Kimwe na UPS, ESS ikubiyemo uburyo bwo kubika ingufu nka bateri, ibikoresho byo guhindura amashanyarazi, urugero, inverter, nibindi bikoresho bya elegitoroniki nubugenzuzi.Bitandukanye na UPS, ariko, ESS irashobora gukora ibangikanye na gride, bivamo gusiganwa cyane kuri sisitemu kuruta UPS yigeze ibona.ESS irashobora gufatanya na gride cyangwa muburyo bwihariye, cyangwa byombi, bitewe n'ubwoko bwa sisitemu yo guhindura amashanyarazi ikoreshwa.ESS irashobora no gukora nkibikorwa bya UPS.Kimwe na UPS, ESS irashobora kuza mubunini butandukanye uhereye kuri sisitemu ntoya yo guturamo iri munsi ya 20 kWh yingufu zikoreshwa mubikorwa byingirakamaro ukoresheje sisitemu yingufu za megawatt nyinshi hamwe na bateri nyinshi muri kontineri.

Ibigize imiti n'umutekano

Amashanyarazi asanzwe ya batiri akoreshwa muri UPS yamye ari bateri-aside cyangwa nikel-kadmium.Bitandukanye na UPS, BESS ikoresha tekinoroji nka bateri ya lithium-ion kuva mugitangira kuko bateri ya lithium-ion ifite imikorere myiza yinzinguzingo hamwe nubucucike bwinshi, bushobora gutanga ingufu nyinshi mukirenge gito cyumubiri.Batteri ya Litiyumu-ion nayo ifite ibisabwa byo kubungabunga cyane kuruta tekinoroji ya batiri.Ariko kuri ubu, bateri ya lithium-ion nayo ikoreshwa cyane muri porogaramu za UPS.

Icyakora, impanuka ikomeye yabereye muri Arizona muri 2019 irimo ESS yakoreshejwe mubisabwa byingirakamaro byaviriyemo ibikomere bikomeye kubantu benshi babajijwe bwa mbere kandi bikurura abafatanyabikorwa batandukanye, barimo abagenzuzi n’ibigo by’ubwishingizi.Kugirango uyu murima ukura utabangamirwa n’umutekano ushobora kwirindwa, hagomba gutezwa imbere ibipimo ngenderwaho bikwiye.Mu rwego rwo gushishikariza iterambere ry’umutekano n’ibipimo bikwiye bya ESS, Minisiteri y’ingufu muri Amerika (DOE) yatangije ihuriro ngarukamwaka ryerekeye umutekano wa ESS n’umutekano mu 2015.

Ihuriro ryambere rya DOE ESS ryagize uruhare mubikorwa byinshi kubisobanuro bya ESS.Ikigaragara cyane ni iterambere rya NEC No 706 hamwe niterambere rya NFPA 855, igipimo cyibikoresho byo kubika ingufu zihagaze, bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye kuri sisitemu ya batiri ihagaze muri ICC IFC na NFPA 1. Uyu munsi, NEC na NFPA 855 bafite nayo yavuguruwe kuri verisiyo 2023.

Imiterere yubu ya ESS na UPS

Intego yibikorwa byose byiterambere nibikorwa ni ugukemura bihagije umutekano wiyi sisitemu.Kubwamahirwe, ibipimo bigezweho byateje urujijo mu nganda.

1.NFPA 855. Inyandiko y'ingenzi igira ingaruka ku ishyirwaho rya BESS na UPS ni verisiyo ya 2020 ya NFPA 855, Igipimo cyo gushyiraho uburyo bwo kubika ingufu zihagarara.NFPA 855 isobanura ububiko bw'ingufu nk '“igiterane cy'ibikoresho kimwe cyangwa byinshi bishobora kubika ingufu mu gihe kizaza ku mizigo y'amashanyarazi yaho, imiyoboro y'ingirakamaro, cyangwa inkunga ya gride.”Ubu busobanuro bukubiyemo porogaramu za UPS na ESS.Byongeye kandi, NFPA 855 hamwe na code yumuriro bisaba ko ESS isuzumwa kandi ikemezwa kuri UL 9540. Ariko, UL 1778 yamye ari igipimo gakondo cyumutekano wibicuruzwa kuri UPS.Sisitemu yasuzumwe yigenga kugirango yubahirize ibisabwa byumutekano kandi ishyigikira kwishyiriraho umutekano.Kubwibyo, ibisabwa UL 9540 byateje urujijo mu nganda.

2. UL 9540A.UL 9540A isaba guhera kurwego rwa bateri no kugerageza intambwe ku yindi kugeza unyuze kurwego rwo kwishyiriraho.Ibi bisabwa bivamo sisitemu ya UPS ikurikiza amahame yo kwamamaza atasabwaga kera.

3.UL 1973. UL 1973 nigipimo cyumutekano wa bateri ya ESS na UPS.Nyamara, verisiyo ya UL 1973-2018 ntabwo ikubiyemo ingingo zo gupima bateri ya aside-aside, nayo ikaba ingorabahizi kuri sisitemu ya UPS ukoresheje tekinoroji ya batiri gakondo nka bateri ya aside-aside.

Incamake

Kugeza ubu, byombi NEC (Kode y’amashanyarazi y’igihugu) na NFPA 855 barimo gusobanura ibi bisobanuro.

• Kurugero, verisiyo ya 2023 ya NFPA 855 isobanura neza ko bateri yihariye ya aside-aside na nikel-kadmium (600 V cyangwa munsi yayo) iri muri UL 1973.
• Byongeye kandi, sisitemu ya batiri ya aside-aside yemejwe kandi ikanashyirwaho ikimenyetso ukurikije UL 1778 ntabwo ikeneye kwemezwa ukurikije UL 9540 mugihe ikoreshwa nkibikoresho bitanga amashanyarazi.

Mu rwego rwo gukemura ikibazo cyo kubura ibipimo ngenderwaho bya batiri ya aside-acide na nikel-kadmium muri UL 1973, Umugereka H (Suzuma ubundi buryo bwa valve igenzurwa cyangwa yashizwemo na aside-acide cyangwa bateri ya nikel-kadmium) yongewemo cyane kuri integuro ya gatatu ya UL 1973 yasohotse muri Gashyantare 2022.

Izi mpinduka zerekana iterambere ryiza murwego rwo gutandukanya ibisabwa byubaka umutekano bya UPS na ESS.Ibindi bikorwa birimo kuvugurura NEC Ingingo ya 480 kugirango ikemure neza ibisabwa kugirango ushyiremo ikoranabuhanga uretse aside-aside na nikel-kadmium.Byongeye kandi, igipimo cya NFPA 855 kigomba kurushaho kuvugururwa kugirango gitange ibisobanuro birambuye ku mategeko yo gukingira umuriro, cyane cyane ku bijyanye n’ikoranabuhanga ritandukanye rikoreshwa mu bikorwa bihagaze, byaba UPS cyangwa ESS.

Umwanditsi yizeye ko gukomeza guhinduka bizamura umutekano w’inganda, hatitawe ku gukoresha UPS cyangwa ESS gakondo.Nkuko tubona ibisubizo byo kubika ingufu byiyongera muburyo bukomeye kandi bwihuse, gukemura umutekano wimbere mubicuruzwa nibyingenzi mugukingura udushya twumutekano no guhaza ibyo sosiyete ikeneye.