Amavu n'amavuko

Gusimbuza ingufu z'amashanyarazi bivuga gusimbuza bateri y'amashanyarazi kugirango yuzuze vuba ingufu, bikemure ikibazo cyumuvuduko ukabije wumuriro no kugabanya sitasiyo yumuriro. Amashanyarazi akoreshwa nuwayikoresheje muburyo bumwe, bufasha gutunganya neza ingufu zumuriro, kongera igihe cya serivisi ya bateri, no korohereza bateri. Ingingo z'ingenzi z'imirimo yo gutunganya ibinyabiziga mu mwaka wa 2022 yasohowe na Minisiteri y'inganda n'ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho muri Werurwe 2022, inavuga kandi icyifuzo gisabwa kwihutisha iyubakwa ry'umuriro no gusimbuza sisitemu n'ibipimo.

Imiterere yiterambere ryimbaraga ziterambere

Kugeza ubu, uburyo bwo gusimbuza ingufu bwakoreshejwe cyane kandi butezwa imbere, kandi ikoranabuhanga naryo ryateye imbere cyane. Ubuhanga bushya bwakoreshejwe kuri sitasiyo yumuriro wa bateri, nko gusimbuza amashanyarazi byikora na serivisi zubwenge. Ibihugu byinshi n’uturere twinshi ku isi byifashishije ikoranabuhanga ryo gusimbuza amashanyarazi, muri byo Ubushinwa, Ubuyapani, Amerika ndetse n’ibindi bihugu bikoreshwa cyane. Abakora bateri benshi hamwe nabakora imodoka batangiye kwinjira muruganda, kandi ibigo bimwe byatangiye kugerageza no guteza imbere mubikorwa bifatika.

Nko mu 2014, Tesla yatangije sitasiyo yayo yo gusimbuza ingufu za batiri, iha abakoresha serivisi zihuse zo gusimbuza bateri kugirango bagere ku rugendo rurerure mu muhanda. Kugeza ubu, Tesla imaze gushyiraho sitasiyo zirenga 20 zo gusimbuza amashanyarazi muri Californiya n'ahandi. Amasosiyete amwe yo mu Buholandi yashyizeho ibisubizo bivanze bishingiye ku kwishyurwa byihuse hamwe n’ikoranabuhanga ryo gusimbuza ingufu za batiri bwa mbere. Muri icyo gihe, Singapore, Amerika, Suwede, Yorodani ndetse n’ibindi bihugu n’uturere byateje imbere sitasiyo yo gusimbuza amashanyarazi y’amashanyarazi.

Ibigo byinshi mubijyanye n’imodoka nshya z’ingufu zashimishije cyane mu Bushinwa zitangiye kwita no gushakisha uburyo bwo gucuruza uburyo bwo gusimbuza amashanyarazi amashanyarazi. Uburyo bwo gusimbuza ingufu bwakoreshejwe na NIO, buzwi cyane mu gukora ibinyabiziga bishya by’ingufu zo mu gihugu, ni uburyo bwihariye, butuma nyirubwite asimbuza bateri na bateri yuzuye mu gihe kitarenze iminota 3.

Mu rwego rwo gutwara abantu, uburyo bwo guhindura ingufu ni rusange. Kurugero, Ningde Times yafatanije nakarere ka Nanshan muri Shenzhen gutanga bateri 500 zamashanyarazi, kandi yubaka sitasiyo 30 zo gusimbuza amashanyarazi. Jingdong yubatse sitasiyo zirenga 100 zo gusimbuza amashanyarazi i Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen no mu yindi mijyi, zitanga serivisi zihuse kandi zoroshye zo gusimbuza bateri ku binyabiziga.

Gukoresha gahunda yo gusimbuza ingufu

Kuri iki cyiciro, uburyo nyamukuru bwo gusimbuza ingufu kumasoko ni gusimbuza amashanyarazi ya chassis, imbere ya cabine / gusimbuza ingufu zinyuma no gusimbuza inkuta kuruhande.

• CGusimbuza ingufu za hassis bivuga uburyo bwo kuvana ipaki yumwimerere ya batiri mugice cyo hepfo ya chassis no gusimbuza paki nshya ya batiri, ikoreshwa cyane cyane mumirima yimodoka, SUV, MPV nibinyabiziga byoroheje, kandi ikoreshwa cyane na BAIC, NIO, Tesla nibindi. Iyi gahunda iroroshye kuyigeraho kuko igihe cyo gusimbuza bateri ni kigufi kandi urwego rwo kwikora ni rwinshi, ariko rukeneye kubaka sitasiyo nshya yo gusimbuza amashanyarazi no kongeramo ibikoresho bishya byo gusimbuza amashanyarazi.
• Imbere yimbere / gusimbuza ingufu zinyuma bivuze ko ipaki ya batiri itunganijwe mumbere yimbere / inyuma yimodoka, mugukingura imbere / kabari imbere kugirango ikureho kandi isimbuze paki nshya. Iyi gahunda ikoreshwa cyane cyane mubijyanye nimodoka, kuri ubu ikoreshwa cyane muri Lifan, SKIO nibindi. Iyi gahunda ntabwo isaba ibikoresho bishya byo gusimbuza ingufu, kandi ikamenya gusimbuza ingufu binyuze mumaboko yintoki za mashini. Igiciro ni gito, ariko bisaba abantu babiri gukorera hamwe, bifata igihe kirekire kandi bidakora neza.
• Gusimbuza amashanyarazi kuruhande bisobanura ko ipaki ya batiri yakuwe kuruhande igasimbuzwa paki nshya ya batiri, ikoreshwa cyane cyane mubijyanye n’imodoka zitwara abagenzi namakamyo, kandi ikoreshwa cyane mubutoza. Muri iyi gahunda, imiterere ya bateri niyo yumvikana cyane, ariko urukuta rwuruhande rugomba gukingurwa, bizagira ingaruka kumiterere yikinyabiziga.

Ibibazo biriho

• Amapaki atandukanye ya bateri: Amapaki ya bateri akoreshwa mumodoka yamashanyarazi kumasoko ni bateri ya lithium-ion ya batiri, bateri ya lisiyumu fer fosifate, bateri ya sodium-ion, nibindi. paki.
• Guhuza ingufu bigoye: ipaki ya batiri ya buri kinyabiziga cyamashanyarazi iratandukanye, kandi sitasiyo yo gusimbuza amashanyarazi ikeneye kugera kumashanyarazi. Nukuvuga, guha buri kinyabiziga cyamashanyarazi cyinjira kuri sitasiyo ipaki ya batiri ihuye nimbaraga ikeneye. Byongeye kandi, sitasiyo y’amashanyarazi igomba guhuzwa nubwoko butandukanye nibiranga ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi, nabyo bitera imbogamizi mugutangiza ikoranabuhanga no kugenzura ibiciro.
• Ibibazo byumutekano: ipaki ya batiri nimwe mubice byingenzi bigize ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi, kandi sitasiyo isimbuza amashanyarazi ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi igomba gukora hashingiwe kumutekano wapaki ya batiri.
• Igiciro cyibikoresho byinshi: sitasiyo yo gusimbuza amashanyarazi amashanyarazi igomba kugura umubare munini wamapaki ya batiri nibikoresho bisimburwa, igiciro ni kinini.

Kugirango duhe gukina ibyiza byubuhanga bwo gusimbuza ingufu, birakenewe ko tugera ku guhuza ibipimo byapaki ya batiri yibirango bitandukanye na moderi zitandukanye, kuzamura imikoranire, no kugera kubipimo rusange byapaki yamashanyarazi, kugenzura itumanaho, hamwe nibikoresho bihuye. Kubwibyo, gushyiraho no guhuriza hamwe ibipimo byo gusimbuza ingufu nimwe mubintu byingenzi bigira ingaruka kumajyambere yikoranabuhanga ryo gusimbuza ingufu.