Amasezerano yo mu Burayi ni iki?

Hatangijwe na komisiyo y’uburayi mu Kuboza 2019, amasezerano y’ibihugu by’i Burayi agamije gushyira Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi mu nzira y’inzibacyuho kandi amaherezokugerahovekutabogama kw'ikirere muri 2050.

Amasezerano y’ibihugu by’i Burayi ni gahunda y’ibikorwa bya politiki kuva ikirere, ibidukikije, ingufu, ubwikorezi, inganda, ubuhinzi, kugeza ku mari irambye. Intego yacyo ni uguhindura Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi mu bukungu butera imbere, bugezweho kandi bugahiganwa, kureba ko politiki zose zibishinzwe zigira uruhare mu ntego nyamukuru yo kutagira aho ibogamiye.

Ni izihe ngamba Icyatsi kibisi kirimo?

——Bikwiranye na 55

Porogaramu ya Fit for 55 igamije gushyira mu bikorwa intego y’amasezerano y’icyatsi kibisi mu mategeko, bivuze ko hagabanutse nibura 55% byangiza imyuka ihumanya ikirere muri 2030.Thepaketi igizwe nurutonde rwibyifuzo byamategeko noguhindura amategeko asanzwe yuburayi, yagenewe gufasha Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere no kugera ku kutabogama kw’ikirere.

——Gahunda y'ibikorwa by'ubukungu

Ku ya 11 Werurwe 2020, Komisiyo y’Uburayi yasohoye “Gahunda nshya y’ubukungu bw’ubukungu bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi busukuye kandi burushanwe”, bukaba ari ikintu cy’ingenzi mu masezerano y’ibihugu by’i Burayi, bifitanye isano rya bugufi n’ingamba z’inganda z’i Burayi.

Gahunda y'ibikorwa igaragaza ingingo 35 z'ingenzi z'ibikorwa, hamwe na gahunda ihamye ya politiki y'ibicuruzwa nk'ibikorwa nyamukuru byayo, ikubiyemo igishushanyo mbonera cy'ibicuruzwa, inzira y'ibicuruzwa, na gahunda zongerera ubushobozi abaguzi n'abaguzi rusange. Ingamba zizibandwaho zizibanda kumurongo wingenzi wibicuruzwa nkibikoresho bya elegitoroniki na ICT, bateri n’imodoka, gupakira, plastiki, imyenda, ubwubatsi n’inyubako, ndetse n’ibiribwa, amazi nintungamubiri. Ivugurura rya politiki y’imyanda nayo irateganijwe. By'umwihariko, Gahunda y'ibikorwa igizwe n'ibice bine by'ingenzi:

• Kuzenguruka mubuzima burambye bwibicuruzwa
• Guha imbaraga abaguzi
• Kwibanda ku nganda zingenzi
• Kugabanya imyanda

Kuzenguruka mugutezimbere no gutanga ibicuruzwa birambye

Iyi ngingo yashizweho kugirango harebwe niba ibicuruzwa biramba kandi byoroshye gusana, guha imbaraga abaguzi guhitamo byinshi birambye.

Ekodegisi

Kuva mu mwaka wa 2009, Amabwiriza ya Ecodesign yashyizeho ingufu zikoreshwa mu gukoresha ingufu zitandukanye (urugero nka mudasobwa, firigo, pompe y'amazi).Ku ya 27 Gicurasi 2024, Inama Njyanama yemeje ibisabwa bishya by’ibidukikije ku bicuruzwa birambye.

Amategeko mashya agamije:

² Shiraho ibidukikije birambye kubicuruzwa hafi ya byose byashyizwe kumasoko yuburayi

² Gukora pasiporo yibicuruzwa bitanga amakuru kubidukikije birambye kubidukikije

Kubuza gusenya ibicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe bitagurishijwe (imyenda ninkweto)

²

RightKuri Gusana

Umuryango w'ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi urashaka kwemeza ko abaguzi bashobora gushaka gusanwa aho gusimburwa niba ibicuruzwa byangiritse cyangwa bifite inenge. Muri Werurwe 2023, hashyizweho amategeko mashya asanzwe kugira ngo ibicuruzwa bisanwa bidatinze.

Ku ya 30 Gicurasi 2024, Inama Njyanama yemeje Amabwiriza y’uburenganzira bwo gusana (R2R).Ibirimo byingenzi birimo:

Abaguzi bafite uburenganzira bwo gusaba ababikora gusana ibicuruzwa bisanwa mu buryo bwa tekiniki hakurikijwe amategeko y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi (nk'imashini imesa, isuku ya vacuum cyangwa terefone zigendanwa).

Urupapuro rwamakuru yubusa yuburayi

Platform Urubuga rwa interineti ruhuza abaguzi n'abakozi bo kubungabunga

Igihe cyo kugurisha cyagurishijwe amezi 12 nyuma yo gusana ibicuruzwa

Amategeko mashya azagabanya kandi imyanda no guteza imbere ubucuruzi burambye mu gushishikariza abayikora n’abaguzi kwagura ubuzima bw’ibicuruzwa byabo.

Kuzenguruka k'umusaruro

Amabwiriza y’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere n’amategeko ngenderwaho y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi agamije gukemura umwanda w’inganda.

Umuryango w'ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi uherutse kuvugurura amabwiriza yo gushyigikira inganda mu bikorwa byazo byo kugera ku ntego z’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi mu 2050, cyane cyane mu gushyigikira ikoranabuhanga ry’ubukungu n’ishoramari. Mu Gushyingo 2023, Inama y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi n’Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’Uburayi byumvikanye by’agateganyo ku bijyanye n’ivugurura ry’Amabwiriza mu biganiro bitatu. Amategeko mashya yemejwe n'Inama Njyanama muri Mata 2024.

Guha imbaraga abaguzi

Umuryango w'ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi urashaka kubuza ibigo gutanga ibirego bibeshya ku nyungu z’ibidukikije ku bicuruzwa na serivisi.

Ku ya 20 Gashyantare 2024, Inama Njyanama yemeje amabwiriza agamije gushimangira uburenganzira bw’abaguzi ku nzibacyuho. Abaguzi ba Eu bazakora:

² Kugera kumakuru yizewe kugirango uhitemo icyatsi kibisi, harimo icyiciro cya mbere

Protection Kurinda neza ibyatsi bidakwiye

Understand Byumve neza gusana ibicuruzwa mbere yo kugura

Amabwiriza atangiza kandi ikirango kimwe gikubiyemo amakuru yingwate irambye yubucuruzi itangwa nuwabikoze.

Intego y'inganda zingenzi

Gahunda y'ibikorwa yibanda ku bice byihariye bitwara ibintu byinshi kandi bifite ubushobozi bwo gutunganya ibintu byinshi.

Amashanyarazi

Ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi na elegitoronike ni imwe mu migezi ikura vuba muri EU. Kubwibyo, gahunda yubukungu bwizunguruka itanga ingamba zo kunoza igihe kirekire no gutunganya neza ibikoresho byamashanyarazi na elegitoroniki. Ugushyingo 2022, Umuryango w'ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi wemejeAmabwiriza yo Kwishyuza Byose, izakora USB Type-C yishyuza ibyambu byateganijwe kubikoresho bitandukanye bya elegitoronike (terefone igendanwa, imashini yimikino ya videwo, clavier idafite umugozi, mudasobwa zigendanwa, nibindi).

Terefone igendanwa na mudasobwa ya tablet

Amategeko mashya y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi azafasha abakiriya kugura terefone zigendanwa na mudasobwa zigendanwa zikoresha ingufu, ziramba kandi byoroshye gusana ku isoko ry’Uburayi kuko:

Laws Amategeko ya Ecodeign ashyiraho byibuze ibisabwa kugirango uburebure bwa bateri, kuboneka ibice byabigenewe, hamwe no kuzamura sisitemu y'imikorere

Laws Amategeko agenga ingufu zitegeka kwerekana amakuru kubyerekeranye ningufu zingufu nubuzima bwa bateri, hamwe n amanota yo gusana

Ibigo bya Eu birimo kuvugurura amategeko yerekeye imyanda y’amashanyarazi n’ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, harimo ibicuruzwa bitandukanye nka mudasobwa, firigo na paneli yerekana amashanyarazi.

Bateri na batiri

Mu 2023, Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi washyizeho itegeko ryerekeye bateri rigamije gushyiraho ubukungu buzenguruka mu nganda hitawe ku byiciro byose by’ubuzima bwa batiri, kuva ku gishushanyo kugeza kujugunya imyanda. Uku kwimuka ni ngombwa, cyane cyane ukurikije iterambere ryimodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi.

Gupakira

Ugushyingo 2022, Coucil yatanze icyifuzo cyo guhindura amategeko agenga imyanda no gupakira. Komisiyo yagiranye amasezerano y'agateganyo n'Inteko ishinga amategeko y'Uburayi muri Werurwe 2024.

Zimwe mu ngamba zingenzi zicyifuzo zirimo:

Gupakirakugabanya imyandaintego ku rwego rw’ibihugu bigize Umuryango

Gabanya gupakira cyane

Gushyigikira kongera gukoresha no kuzuza sisitemu

Depoz Gutegekwa kubitsa amacupa ya plastike hamwe na bombo ya aluminium

Amashanyarazi

Kuva mu mwaka wa 2018, ingamba z’ubukungu bw’ibihugu by’i Burayi zigamije kunoza uburyo bwo gutunganya ibicuruzwa bya pulasitiki kandi bitanga igisubizo gikomeye kuri microplastique.

² Kora gutunganya no kugabanya imyanda kubicuruzwa byingenzi

Gahunda nshya ya politiki kuri biobase, ibinyabuzima bishobora kwangirika kandi byangiza ifumbire mvaruganda kugirango isobanure neza aho izo plastiki zishobora kuzana inyungu nyazo z’ibidukikije

² Fata ingamba zo guhangana n’isohoka rya microplastique utabigambiriye mu bidukikije kugirango ugabanye imyanda ya plastike

Imyenda

Komisiyo y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi ishinzwe imyenda irambye kandi izunguruka igamije gutuma imyenda iramba, igasanwa, ikoreshwa kandi ikongera gukoreshwa mu 2030.

Muri Nyakanga 2023, Komisiyo yatanze:

² Gufata ibicuruzwa kubazwa ubuzima bwose bwibicuruzwa byimyenda wongereye inshingano zabakora

Kwihutisha iterambere ry’imyenda itandukanye, gutondeka, kongera gukoresha no gutunganya ibicuruzwa, kubera ko ibihugu bigize uyu muryango bigomba gushyiraho uburyo bwihariye bwo gukusanya imyenda yo mu rugo mbere yitariki ya mbere Mutarama 2025

Gukemura ikibazo cyo kohereza hanze imyanda itemewe

Inama Njyanama irasuzuma icyifuzo mu buryo busanzwe bwo gushyiraho amategeko.

Amategeko arambye y’ibicuruzwa ecodeign hamwe n’amategeko yo gutwara imyanda nayo biteganijwe ko azafasha gushyiraho ibisabwa birambye ku bicuruzwa by’imyenda no kugabanya kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze.

Cibicuruzwa byubaka

Ukuboza 2023, Inama Njyanama n'Inteko Ishinga Amategeko byumvikanye by'agateganyo ku bijyanye no guhindura amategeko agenga ibicuruzwa by'ubwubatsi byasabwe na Komisiyo. Amategeko mashya ashyiraho ibisabwa bishya kugirango ibicuruzwa byubwubatsi byateguwe kandi bikorwe kugirango birambe, bisanwe byoroshye, bisubirwamo kandi byoroshye kongera gukora.

Uruganda rugomba:

Tanga amakuru y'ibidukikije kubyerekeye ubuzima ubuzima

Gushushanya no gukora ibicuruzwa muburyo bworoshya kongera gukoresha, kongera gukora no gutunganya

Materials Ibikoresho bisubirwamo birahitamo

Tanga amabwiriza yukuntu wakoresha no gutanga ibicuruzwa

Kugabanya imyanda

Umuryango w'ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi urimo gukora ingamba zitandukanye zo kurushaho gushimangira no gushyira mu bikorwa amategeko y’imyanda y’uburayi.

Intego zo kugabanya imyanda

Amabwiriza y’imyanda, atangira gukurikizwa kuva muri Nyakanga 2020, ashyiraho amategeko y’ibihugu bigize uyu muryango:

² Muri 2025, ongera igipimo cyo kongera gukoresha no gutunganya imyanda ya komini 55%

² Menya neza ko icyegeranyo gitandukanye cy’imyenda cyo kongera gukoresha, kwitegura kongera gukoresha no gutunganya bitarenze 1 Mutarama 2025.

² Kwemeza icyegeranyo gitandukanye cya biowaste kugirango wongere ukoreshe, kwitegura kongera gukoresha no gutunganya ibicuruzwa biturutse ku ya 31 Ukuboza 2023

Kugera ku ntego zihariye zo gutunganya ibikoresho byo gupakira muri 2025 na 2030

Ibidukikije bidafite uburozi

Kuva mu 2020, ingamba z’imiti y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi zigamije kuramba zigamije gufasha kumenya niba imiti itekanye haba ku buzima bw’abantu ndetse n’ibidukikije.

² Ku ya 24 Ukwakira 2022, muri gahunda y'ibikorwa by’ubukungu by’ubukungu, Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi wafashe icyemezo cyo kuvugurura aya mabwirizaku myanda ihumanya(PoPs), imiti yangiza ishobora kuboneka mumyanda iva mubicuruzwa (urugero: imyenda idakoresha amazi, plastiki, nibikoresho bya elegitoronike).

Amategeko mashya agamijegabanya imipaka ntarengwakuberako habaho PoPs mumyanda, ningirakamaro mubukungu bwizunguruka, aho imyanda izakoreshwa cyane nkibikoresho bya kabiri.

² Muri Kamena 2023, Inama Njyanama yemeje umwanya w’ibiganiro ku bijyanye no kuvugurura ibyiciro, gushyira ibirango no gupakira imiti y’imiti yatanzwe na Komisiyo. Ingamba zasabwe zirimo amategeko yihariye y’ibicuruzwa bivangwa n’imiti bizafasha kugabanya imyanda yo gupakira.

Ibikoresho bya kabiri

Inama Njyanama yemeje igikorwa cy’ibanze cy’ibanze, kigamije gushimangira ibyiciro byose by’iburayi by’ibiciro by’ibanze by’ibanze birimo kunoza uruziga no gutunganya ibicuruzwa.

Inama y’Inteko Ishinga Amategeko n’Inteko Ishinga Amategeko byumvikanye by’agateganyo kuri icyo gikorwa mu Gushyingo 2023.Amategeko mashya yashyizeho intego byibura 25% by’ibicuruzwa ngarukamwaka by’ibihugu by’Uburayi bikoreshwa buri mwaka biva mu bicuruzwa bitunganyirizwa mu gihugu

Kohereza imyanda

Inama Njyanama n’abashyikirana n’Inteko ishinga amategeko y’uburayi bumvikanye na politiki y’agateganyo yo kuvugurura amabwiriza yerekeye kohereza imyanda mu Gushyingo 2023.Amategeko yemejwe n’Inama Njyanama muri Werurwe 2024.Ni ukugenzura neza ubucuruzi bw’imyanda mu bihugu by’Uburayi ndetse n’abatari bo. -EU ibihugu.

² Kugenzura niba imyanda yoherezwa mu mahanga itangiza ibidukikije n’ubuzima bw’abantu

² Kurwanya ibicuruzwa bitemewe

Aya mabwiriza agamije kugabanya kohereza imyanda iteye ikibazo hanze y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, kuvugurura uburyo bwo kohereza kugira ngo hagaragazwe intego z’ubukungu bw’umuzingi, no kunoza ishyirwa mu bikorwa. Itera imbere gukoresha umutungo wimyanda muri EU.

Incamake

Umuryango w'ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi wasabye ingamba zitandukanye za politiki, nk'itegeko rishya rya batiri, amabwiriza agenga ibidukikije, uburenganzira bwo gusana (R2R), amabwiriza ya charger rusange, n'ibindi, hagamijwe guteza imbere imikoreshereze irambye y'ibicuruzwa, igamije gutangira umuhanda Guhindura icyatsi no kugera ku ntego yo kutabogama kw’ikirere mu 2050. Politiki y’ubukungu bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi ifitanye isano rya bugufi n’amasosiyete akora inganda. Ibigo bireba bifite ibicuruzwa biva mu bihugu by’Uburayi bigomba kwitondera ingamba za EU mu gihe gikwiye kandi bikagira ibyo bihindura.