Ikirenge cya Carbone

Amavu n'amavuko yaEU's “Amabwiriza mashya ya Batiri”

Amabwiriza y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi kuri Batiri na Batiri,bizwi kandi nkaAmabwiriza mashya ya EU, byasabwe n’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi mu Kuboza 2020 gukuraho buhoro buhoro Amabwiriza 2006/66 / EC, guhindura Amabwiriza (EU) No 2019/1020, no kuvugurura amategeko ya batiri y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi.

Amabwiriza ya batiri y'ubu (2006/66 / EC), yasohowe mu 2006, ashyiraho cyane cyane imipaka igabanya agaciro no kwerekana ibimenyetso byangiza (mercure, kadmium na gurş) bikubiye muri bateri zashyizwe ku isoko ry’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, ariko ntisobanura izindi mikorere ibipimo murwego rwo kubyara bateri, gukoresha no gutunganya. UwitekaAmabwiriza mashya ya Batiri ikora kuriyi mbogamizi, itanga urukurikirane rwibisabwa kugirango bateri zirambye, zisubirwamo kandi zifite umutekano, harimo amategeko y’ibirenge bya karuboni, byibuze bikoreshwa mu kongera umusaruro, imikorere n’ibipimo biramba, nibindi. Kwiyongera kwa karuboni ikirenge muri iri vugurura rya batiri ryashimishije cyane ababikora. Vuba aha, MCM yakiriye umubare munini wibibazo bijyanye nibi, nuko duhindura kandi tunasesengura ibirimo nibisabwa mubirenge bya karubone hano kugirango ubone ibisobanuro.

Ibisabwa kugirango ikirenge cya karubone 

Igice cya 7 cyaAmabwiriza mashya ya Batiri ni hafi ya carbone ikirenge gisabwa kuri bateri yimodoka yamashanyarazi, ibinyabiziga byoroheje na bateri yinganda. Bateri yimodoka yamashanyarazi na bateri yinganda zishobora kwishyurwa zifite ubushobozi burenze 2kWh zigomba guherekezwa nibyangombwa bya tekiniki. Buri moderi ya bateri na buri ruganda rukora rugomba kugira amagambo ya karubone, harimo:

(a) Amakuru yerekeye uwabikoze;

(b) Inyandiko ku bwoko bwa bateri imenyekanisha rikoreshwa;

(c) Amakuru ajyanye na geografiya yububiko bwibikorwa bya batiri;

(d) Ikirenge cya karubone yubuzima bwa bateri iri mubiro bya CO₂ bihwanye;

(e) Ikirenge cya karuboni ya bateri kuri buri cyiciro cyubuzima bwayo;

(f) Inomero iranga bateri ya EU itangaza ko ihuye

Uburyo bwo kubara ibirenge bya karubone

Uburyo bwo kubara ibirenge bya karubone byatanzwe kumugereka wa II waAmabwiriza mashya ya Batiri. Hariho ubwoko butatu:

1) Ibicuruzwa Ibidukikije Ibidukikije (PEF)

https://eur-lex.europa.eu/amategeko-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32013H0179&f==

2) Ibicuruzwa Ibidukikije Ibirenge byicyiciro (PEFCRs)

https://icyatsi-ubucuruzi.ec.europa.eu/ibidukikije-ibirenge-ibisobanuro_uburyo_

3) Amasezerano mpuzamahanga niterambere rya tekiniki murwego rwo gusuzuma ubuzima

https://circabc.europa.eu/ui/group/6e9b7f79-da96-4a53-956f-e8f62c9d7fed/ibitabo/537534a4-9c76-40a1-b488-e9127db2befd/amakuru

Kubara ubuzima bwa cycle carbone ibirenge bigomba gushingira kuri fagitire y'ibikoresho, ingufu n'ibikoresho bifasha bikoreshwa mu gukora ubwoko bwa batiri ku ruganda runaka. By'umwihariko, ibikoresho bya elegitoronike (nk'ibice bishinzwe gucunga bateri, ibice by’umutekano) hamwe nibikoresho byiza bya electrode ni byo bigira uruhare runini muri karuboni ikirenge cya batiri. Amagambo ya karubone agomba kuba kubwoko bwa bateri ikorerwa ahabigenewe. Guhindura kurutonde rwibintu cyangwa kuvanga ingufu zikoreshwa bisaba kubara bishya bya karuboni ikirenge cya moderi ya bateri.

Urutonde rwibikorwa bya Carbone

Hashingiwe ku gukwirakwiza ikirenge cya karubone cyatangajwe agaciro ka batiri ku isoko, igipimo cyerekana imikorere ya karubone kizagerwaho kugira ngo itandukaniro ry’isoko. Icyiciro A nicyiciro cyiza hamwe na karubone yo hasi yubuzima bwikurikiranya. Komisiyo izagena umubare ntarengwa w’ubuzima bwa karuboni ikirenge cya batiri y’inganda zifite ubushobozi burenga 2kWh hashingiwe ku gipimo cy’imikorere. Icyo gihe, bateri zirengeje urugero rwa karubone ntizishobora koherezwa muri EU.

Itariki yo gushyira mu bikorwa ibirenge

²Kuva ku ya 1 Nyakanga 2024, bateri y’ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi, bateri zitwara ibinyabiziga byoroheje na batiri zinganda bizasabwa gutangaza ibirenge byabo bya karubone;

²Kuva ku ya 1 Mutarama 2025, bateri y’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi, bateri zitwara imodoka zoroheje na bateri yinganda bizakenera igipimo cyerekana imikorere ya karubone;

(Komisiyo y’Uburayi izashyira ahagaragara uburyo bwo gutanga amanota bitarenze 31 Ukuboza 2024)

²Kuva ku ya 1 Nyakanga 2027, bateri y’ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi, bateri zitwara ibinyabiziga bitwara abagenzi hamwe na bateri yinganda zifite ingufu ziri hejuru ya 2kWh bizasabwa kugira ubuzima ntarengwa bwikurikiranya bwa karuboni.

(Komisiyo y’Uburayi izatanga icyerekezo cya karuboni bitarenze ku ya 1 Nyakanga 2025)

Igiciro cya karubone

Intangiriro

Uburyo bwo Guhindura Imipaka ya Carbone. Mu 2021, kugira ngo tugere ku ntego yo kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere 55% muri 2030, Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’UburayiBikwiranye na 55, urukurikirane rw'imishinga y'amategeko harimo n'amahoro ya karubone.

Igipimo cyo gusaba

CBAM ikubiyemo imirima y'ibyuma, sima, ifumbire, aluminium n'amashanyarazi, imiti (hydrogen, ammonia, amazi ya amoniya) na polymers (ibicuruzwa bya pulasitike). Ibihugu cyangwa uturere tumwe na tumwe dusonewe imisoro iboneye, cyane cyane harimo ibihugu cyangwa Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi byinjiye muri gahunda y’ubucuruzi bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, cyangwa ibihugu n’uturere byemeranijweho n’ubucuruzi bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, ariko ukuyemo Ubushinwa.

Ingingo yo gusoresha

Ingingo yimisoro ya CBAM niyo itumiza muri EU.Abatumiza mu mahanga basabwa kwiyandikisha mu buyobozi bwa EU CBAM kandi bashobora gutumiza ibicuruzwa nyuma yo kubyemeza. Ibikurikira nuburyo bwo kubara ibiciro:

Amafaranga ya CBAM = igiciro cya karubone kuri buri gice (EUR / ton) x imyuka ya karubone (ton)

Ibyuka byangiza imyuka (toni) =cubukana bwa arbon ubukana × ingano y'ibicuruzwa (toni)

Igihe cyinzibacyuho

CBAM izatangira ibikorwa byo kugerageza mu Kwakira uyu mwaka. Igihe cyo kuva 2023 kugeza 2026 kizaba icyiciro cyibikorwa byinzibacyuho ya CBAM. Mu gihe cyinzibacyuho, abatumiza mu bihugu by’Uburayi bazakenera gusa gutanga amakuru y’ibyuka bihumanya buri gihembwe (amakuru ku mubare w’ibicuruzwa byatumijwe mu mahanga mu gihembwe, ibyuka bitaziguye kandi bitaziguye byangiza ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga, amafaranga yoherezwa mu kirere byishyurwa n’ibicuruzwa byatumijwe mu mahanga, nibindi) kandi ntibizasabwa kwishyura ibiciro bya karubone kubicuruzwa byatumijwe hanze. Kuva mu 2027, abatumiza mu bihugu by’Uburayi bazasabwa gutanga umubare uhwanye n’ibyangombwa bya elegitoroniki bya CBAM, ni ukuvuga ko hazashyirwaho amahoro ya karubone.

Icyitonderwa: 1. Ibyuka byangiza imyuka ya karubone: Gusohora ibicuruzwa mugihe cyibicuruzwa bigenzurwa neza nuwabikoze.

2. Ibyuka bihumanya ikirere: Ibyuka bihumanya biterwa no gukoresha amashanyarazi mugihe cyo gukora ibicuruzwa.

Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi ukoresha uburyo bwose bwo kubaho mu gupima imyuka ihumanya ikirere. Niba uruganda rudashobora kubara neza, ubukana bwa karuboni isanzwe ni impuzandengo ya karuboni yoherezwa mu kirere cyo hasi cyane (10%) yaibigo kubyara ubwoko bumwe bwibicuruzwa mugihugu cyohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. Niba isosiyete idatanga amakuru kubyerekeranye n’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, impuzandengo ya karubone y’ubushakashatsi buke bwoherezwa mu kirere (munsi ya 5%) y’ibigo bitanga ibicuruzwa bimwe mu bihugu by’Uburayi bizakoreshwa.

Umwanzuro

Ikirenge cya karubone kinyura mubuzima bwose bwa bateri, kirimo ibikoresho fatizo, umusaruro, urunigi rutanga, gukoresha no gutunganya. Umuryango w'ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’UburayiAmabwiriza mashya ya Batiri n’ibiciro bya karubone byita cyane cyane ku byuka byangiza imyuka y’ibicuruzwa, kandi bigasaba ibisabwa bikomeye kandi bisobanutse kugira ngo imenyekanisha rya karuboni yerekana ibirenge, ibipimo ngenderwaho n’ibipimo, hamwe n’ibikoresho bitunganyirizwa. Kugeza ubu, inganda za batiri mu Bushinwa ntizifite uburyo bukoreshwa mu kubara ibaruramari rya karubone, kandi amakuru ya batiri ya karuboni ni ubusa. Yaba itangazo ryambere rya karubone yerekana amakuru, cyangwa urutonde rwa karuboni ikurikiraho hamwe namabwiriza ntarengwa bizana imbogamizi kubiciro byo kugurisha ibicuruzwa no kohereza hanze. Ubu hari amasosiyete akoresha bateri yo murugo yatangije ibicuruzwa bya zeru-karubone, ububiko bwa zeru-karubone, inganda zeru. Andi masosiyete nayo akeneye kumva ku gihe no kubahiriza ibisabwa n’amabwiriza y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, kugira ngo ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga n’ibindi bicuruzwa muri EU byubahirize amabwiriza.

Ukwezi gutaha kuzakuzanira ibisobanuro byibice bisubirwamo bya bateri mu gice cya 8 cya EU's Amabwiriza mashya ya Batiri: bateri zigendanwa, bateri zitwara yoroheje, bateri yinganda, bateri yimashanyarazi na bateri yimodoka.