Kugeza ubu, impanuka nyinshi z'umutekano za bateri za lithium-ion zibaho bitewe no kunanirwa kwinzira yo gukingira, itera bateri gutwarwa nubushyuhe bikaviramo umuriro no guturika. Kubwibyo, kugirango tumenye imikoreshereze yumutekano ya batiri ya lithium, igishushanyo cyumuzunguruko ni ngombwa cyane, kandi ibintu byose bitera kunanirwa kwa batiri ya lithium bigomba kwitabwaho. Usibye uburyo bwo kubyaza umusaruro, kunanirwa ahanini biterwa nimpinduka zimiterere ikabije yo hanze, nko kwishyuza birenze urugero, gusohora cyane nubushyuhe bwinshi. Niba ibi bipimo byakurikiranwe mugihe nyacyo kandi ingamba zo gukingira zizafatwa mugihe zihindutse, ikibazo cyo guhunga ubushyuhe kirashobora kwirindwa. Igishushanyo mbonera cyumutekano wa batiri ya lithium ikubiyemo ibintu byinshi: guhitamo selile, igishushanyo mbonera hamwe nigishushanyo mbonera cyumutekano wa BMS.

Guhitamo Akagari

Hariho ibintu byinshi bigira ingaruka kumutekano w'utugari aho guhitamo ibikoresho bya selile aribyo shingiro. Bitewe nuburyo butandukanye bwimiti, umutekano uratandukanye mubikoresho bitandukanye bya cathode ya batiri ya lithium. Kurugero, lithium fer fosifate imeze nka olivine, ihagaze neza kandi ntabwo yoroshye gusenyuka. Litiyumu cobaltate na lithium ternary, icyakora, ni imiterere yuburyo bworoshye gusenyuka. Guhitamo gutandukanya nabyo ni ngombwa cyane, kuko imikorere yayo ifitanye isano itaziguye n'umutekano w'akagari. Kubwibyo rero, muguhitamo selile, ntabwo raporo zerekana gusa ahubwo nibikorwa byumusaruro wabyo, ibikoresho nibipimo byabo bizasuzumwa.

Igishushanyo mbonera

Imiterere yimiterere ya bateri ireba cyane cyane ibisabwa byo gukumira no gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe.

• Ibisabwa byokwirinda mubisanzwe bikubiyemo ibintu bikurikira: Gukingira hagati ya electrode nziza kandi mbi; Gukingira hagati y'akagari n'inzitiro; Kwikingira hagati ya tabs hamwe nuruzitiro; Umwanya w'amashanyarazi PCB hamwe nintera yikurikiranya, igishushanyo mbonera cyimbere, igishushanyo mbonera, nibindi.
• Gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe ni kububiko bunini bwingufu cyangwa bateri zikurura. Bitewe nimbaraga nyinshi ziyi bateri, ubushyuhe butangwa mugihe cyo kwishyuza no gusohora ni nini. Niba ubushyuhe budashobora gukwirakwira mugihe, ubushyuhe buzegeranya bikavamo impanuka. Kubwibyo, gutoranya no gushushanya ibikoresho byo gufunga (Bikwiye kugira imbaraga zumukanishi hamwe nibisabwa bitagira umukungugu nibisabwa n’amazi), guhitamo sisitemu yo gukonjesha hamwe nubundi buryo bwo gutwika ubushyuhe bwimbere, gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe hamwe na sisitemu yo kuzimya umuriro bigomba kwitabwaho.

Kubijyanye no guhitamo no gukoresha sisitemu yo gukonjesha bateri, nyamuneka reba ibyatanzwe mbere.

Igishushanyo mbonera cyumutekano

Imiterere yumubiri nubumashini bigena ko ibikoresho bidashobora kugabanya umuriro nogusohora voltage. Iyo umuriro nogusohora voltage birenze igipimo cyagenwe, bizatera kwangirika bidasubirwaho bateri ya lithium. Niyo mpamvu, birakenewe kongeramo umuzenguruko wo kurinda kugirango ukomeze voltage numuyoboro wa selile yimbere muburyo busanzwe mugihe bateri ya lithium ikora. Kuri BMS ya bateri, imirimo ikurikira irakenewe:

• Kwishyuza kurinda voltage: kwishyuza birenze imwe mumpamvu nyamukuru zitera guhunga ubushyuhe. Nyuma yo kwishyurwa birenze urugero, ibikoresho bya cathode bizasenyuka kubera irekurwa rya lithium ikabije, kandi electrode mbi nayo izagira imvura igwa, ibyo bigatuma igabanuka ryumuriro ndetse nubwiyongere bwibisubizo byuruhande, bifite ibyago byo guhunga ubushyuhe. Niyo mpamvu, ni ngombwa cyane guca ikigezweho mugihe nyuma yo kwishyuza bigeze kumupaka wo hejuru wa voltage ya selile. Ibi birasaba BMS kugira imikorere yo kwishyuza hejuru ya voltage ikingira, kugirango voltage ya selile ihore ibitswe mumurimo. Byaba byiza ko voltage yo gukingira itari agaciro kangana kandi igahinduka cyane, kuko ishobora gutera bateri kunanirwa guca amashanyarazi mugihe yuzuye, bikavamo amafaranga arenze. Umuvuduko wo gukingira wa BMS mubusanzwe wagenewe kuba umwe cyangwa munsi gato ya voltage yo hejuru ya selile.
• Kwishyuza hejuru yuburinzi: Kwishyuza bateri ifite amashanyarazi arenze ayo kwishyuza cyangwa kurenza urugero bishobora gutera ubushyuhe. Iyo ubushyuhe bwegeranije bihagije kugirango ushonge diafragma, birashobora gutera umuzenguruko mugufi. Kubwibyo kwishyuza mugihe cyo kurinda kurubu nabyo ni ngombwa. Tugomba kwitondera ko kurinda kurubu bidashobora kuba hejuru kurenza kwihanganira ingirabuzimafatizo mugushushanya.
• Gusezererwa kurinda voltage: Umuvuduko munini cyane cyangwa muto cyane byangiza imikorere ya bateri. Gukomeza gusohora munsi ya voltage bizatera umuringa kugwa hamwe na electrode mbi isenyuka, mubisanzwe rero bateri izaba isohotse mumikorere yo gukingira voltage.
• Gusohora hejuru yuburinzi bugezweho: Byinshi muri PCB yishyuza no gusohora binyuze mumurongo umwe, muriki gihe amafaranga yo gukingira no gusohora ibintu birahoraho. Ariko bateri zimwe, cyane cyane bateri kubikoresho byamashanyarazi, kwishyuza byihuse nubundi bwoko bwa bateri zigomba gukoresha imiyoboro minini isohoka cyangwa ikarishye, ikigezweho ntigihuye muriki gihe, nibyiza rero kwishyuza no gusohora muburyo bubiri bwo kugenzura.
• Kurinda umuzunguruko mugufi: Inzira ya bateri nayo nimwe mumakosa akunze kugaragara. Kugongana, gukoresha nabi, gukanda, inshinge, kwinjiza amazi, nibindi, biroroshye gutera inzira ngufi. Umuzunguruko mugufi uzahita ubyara amashanyarazi manini, bikavamo kuzamuka gukabije kwubushyuhe bwa bateri. Muri icyo gihe, urukurikirane rw'amashanyarazi rusanzwe rubera mu kagari nyuma y'umuzunguruko mugufi wo hanze, biganisha ku ruhererekane rw'imyitwarire idasanzwe. Kurinda umuzunguruko mugufi nabyo ni ubwoko bwokwirinda kurubu. Ariko imiyoboro ngufi yumuzingi izaba itagira iherezo, kandi ubushyuhe nibibi nabyo ntibigira iherezo, kurinda rero bigomba kuba byoroshye kandi birashobora guhita bikururwa. Ingamba zisanzwe zo kurinda imiyoboro zirimo abahuza, fuse, mos, nibindi
• Kurenza ubushyuhe: Bateri yunvikana nubushyuhe bwibidukikije. Ubushyuhe bukabije cyangwa buke cyane bizagira ingaruka kumikorere. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa gukomeza bateri ikora mubushyuhe ntarengwa. BMS igomba kugira imikorere yo kurinda ubushyuhe kugirango ihagarike bateri mugihe ubushyuhe buri hejuru cyangwa hasi cyane. Irashobora no kugabanywa muburyo bwo kurinda ubushyuhe no gusohora ubushyuhe, nibindi.
• Kuringaniza imikorere: Kuri ikaye hamwe nizindi bateri nyinshi zikurikirana, hariho ukudahuza hagati ya selile bitewe nuburyo butandukanye mubikorwa byo gukora. Kurugero, selile zimwe zirwanya imbere nini kuruta izindi. Uku kudahuza bizagenda byiyongera buhoro buhoro bitewe n’ibidukikije byo hanze. Kubwibyo, birakenewe kugira imikorere yimicungire yimikorere kugirango ishyire mubikorwa uburinganire bwakagari. Muri rusange hari ubwoko bubiri buringaniye:

1.Kuringaniza neza: Koresha ibyuma, nka voltage igereranya, hanyuma ukoreshe ubushyuhe bwo kurwanya ubushyuhe kugirango urekure imbaraga zirenze za bateri ifite imbaraga nyinshi. Ariko gukoresha ingufu nini, umuvuduko wo kuringaniza uratinda, kandi imikorere ni mike.

2.Kuringaniza bifatika: koresha ubushobozi bwo kubika imbaraga za selile zifite ingufu nyinshi hanyuma ukayirekura muri selile hamwe na voltage yo hasi. Ariko, mugihe itandukaniro ryumuvuduko hagati ya selile yegeranye ari rito, igihe cyo kunganya ni kirekire, kandi kuringaniza voltage irashobora gushyirwaho byoroshye.

Kwemeza bisanzwe

Ubwanyuma, niba ushaka ko bateri yawe yinjira neza mumasoko mpuzamahanga cyangwa imbere mu gihugu, bakeneye kandi kubahiriza ibipimo bifitanye isano kugirango umutekano wa batiri ya lithium-ion. Kuva muri selile kugeza kuri bateri hamwe nibicuruzwa byakiriye bigomba kuba byujuje ubuziranenge. Iyi ngingo izibanda kubisabwa kurinda batiri murugo kubicuruzwa bya elegitoroniki.

GB 31241-2022

Ibipimo ngenderwaho ni kuri bateri yibikoresho bya elegitoroniki byoroshye. Irareba cyane cyane ijambo 5.2 ibipimo byakazi bikora neza, 10.1 kugeza 10.5 ibisabwa byumutekano kuri PCM, 11.1 kugeza 11.5 ibisabwa byumutekano kumuzunguruko wa sisitemu (mugihe bateri ubwayo idafite uburinzi), 12.1 na 12.2 ibisabwa kugirango bihamye, hamwe numugereka A (kubwinyandiko) .

u Igihe cya 5.2 gisaba ibipimo bya selile na bateri bigomba guhuzwa, bishobora kumvikana nkibipimo byakazi bya bateri bitagomba kurenza urugero rwa selile. Ariko, ibipimo byo gukingira bateri bigomba gukenerwa kugirango ibipimo bikora bya batiri bitarenze urugero rwa selile? Hano haribisobanuro bitandukanye, ariko duhereye kubitekerezo byumutekano wa bateri, igisubizo ni yego. Kurugero, amashanyarazi ntarengwa yo kwishyiriraho akagari (cyangwa akagari ka selile) ni 3000mA, amashanyarazi menshi ya bateri ntagomba kurenga 3000mA, kandi imiyoboro yo gukingira bateri nayo igomba kwemeza ko amashanyarazi mugikorwa cyo kwishyuza atagomba kurenga 3000mA. Gusa murubu buryo dushobora kurinda neza no kwirinda ingaruka. Kubishushanyo mbonera byuburinzi, nyamuneka reba Umugereka A. Ireba ibishushanyo mbonera bya selile - bateri - host ikoreshwa, bikaba byuzuye.

u Kuri bateri zifite uruziga rwo gukingira, harasabwa ikizamini cyumutekano wumuzunguruko wa 10.1 ~ 10.5. Iki gice kirasesengura cyane cyane kwishyuza hejuru yumuriro wa voltage, kwishyuza hejuru yuburinzi, gusohora munsi yumuriro wa voltage, gusohora kurinda ubu no kurinda imiyoboro ngufi. Ibi byavuzwe haruguruIgishushanyo mbonera cyumutekanon'ibisabwa by'ibanze. GB 31241 isaba kugenzura inshuro 500.

u Niba bateri idafite umuzenguruko urinzwe irinzwe na charger cyangwa igikoresho cyayo cyanyuma, ikizamini cyumutekano wa 11.1 ~ 11.5 sisitemu yo gukingira sisitemu kizakorwa hamwe nibikoresho byo kurinda hanze. Umuvuduko, umuvuduko nubushyuhe bwo kugenzura no gusohora birakorwaho iperereza. Birakwiye ko tumenya ko, ugereranije na bateri zifite imiyoboro ikingira, bateri zidafite imiyoboro yo gukingira zishobora gusa gushingira kurinda ibikoresho bikoreshwa mubyukuri. Ibyago ni byinshi, bityo imikorere isanzwe hamwe nikibazo kimwe kizageragezwa ukwacyo. Ibi bihatira igikoresho cyanyuma kugira uburinzi bubiri; bitabaye ibyo ntishobora gutsinda ikizamini mu gice cya 11.

u Hanyuma, niba hari selile nyinshi zama selile muri bateri, ugomba gutekereza kuri phenomenon yo kwishyurwa kutaringaniye. Ikizamini cyo guhuza igice cya 12 kirakenewe. Impirimbanyi hamwe nibikorwa bitandukanye byo kurinda umuvuduko wa PCB birakorerwa iperereza hano. Iyi mikorere ntabwo isabwa kuri bateri imwe.

GB 4943.1-2022

Ibipimo ngenderwaho nibicuruzwa bya AV. Hamwe no gukoresha ikoreshwa rya elegitoroniki ikoreshwa na bateri, verisiyo nshya ya GB 4943.1-2022 itanga ibisabwa byihariye kuri bateri kumugereka M, gusuzuma ibikoresho bifite bateri hamwe ninzira zo kubarinda. Hashingiwe ku isuzuma ry’umuzunguruko wa batiri, hiyongereyeho ibisabwa by’umutekano ku bikoresho birimo batiri ya lithium ya kabiri.

u Umuzunguruko wa kabiri wa lithium ukingira cyane cyane ukora iperereza cyane cyane, kurenza urugero, gusohora ibicuruzwa, kwishyuza umutekano (ubushyuhe), kurinda imiyoboro ngufi, nibindi. Twabibutsa ko ibyo bizamini byose bisaba ikosa rimwe mukuzunguruka. Iki gisabwa ntabwo kivugwa mubipimo bya batiri GB 31241. Rero mugushushanya imikorere yo gukingira bateri, dukeneye guhuza ibisabwa bisanzwe bya bateri na host. Niba bateri ifite uburinzi bumwe gusa kandi nta bikoresho birenga, cyangwa bateri idafite uruziga rwo gukingira kandi uruziga rwo kurinda rutangwa na nyirubwite gusa, uwakiriye agomba gushyirwamo iki gice cyikizamini.

Umwanzuro

Mugusoza, gushushanya bateri itekanye, usibye guhitamo ibikoresho ubwabyo, igishushanyo mbonera cyakurikiyeho hamwe nigishushanyo mbonera cyumutekano birakenewe kimwe. Nubwo ibipimo bitandukanye bifite ibisabwa bitandukanye kubicuruzwa, niba umutekano wibishushanyo bya batiri bishobora gutekerezwa byuzuye kugirango byuzuze ibisabwa kumasoko atandukanye, igihe cyambere gishobora kugabanuka cyane kandi ibicuruzwa bishobora kwihuta kumasoko. Usibye guhuza amategeko, amabwiriza n’ibipimo by’ibihugu n’uturere dutandukanye, birakenewe kandi gushushanya ibicuruzwa bishingiye ku mikoreshereze nyayo ya batiri mu bicuruzwa byanyuma.