Batteri ya lithium yaba ishyizwe mubicuruzwa biteje akaga?

Nibyo, bateri ya lithium ishyirwa mubicuruzwa biteje akaga.

Ukurikije amabwiriza mpuzamahanga nkaIbyifuzo byo gutwara ibicuruzwa biteje akaga(TDG) ,.Amategeko mpuzamahanga y’ibicuruzwa biteje akaga(Kode ya IMDG), naAmabwiriza ya tekinike yo gutwara neza ibicuruzwa biteje akaga mukirerecyasohowe n’umuryango mpuzamahanga w’indege za gisivili (ICAO), bateri ya lithium iri mu cyiciro cya 9: Ibintu bitandukanye n’ingingo zitandukanye, harimo n’ibintu byangiza ibidukikije.

Hariho ibyiciro 3 byingenzi bya bateri ya lithium ifite numero 5 za UN zashyizwe mubikorwa hashingiwe kumahame yimikorere nuburyo bwo gutwara abantu:

• Batteri ya lithium isanzwe: Irashobora kugabanywa muri bateri yicyuma cya lithium na batiri ya lithium-ion, ihuye numero ya UN UN3090 na UN3480.
• Batteri ya Litiyumu yashyizwe mu bikoresho: Mu buryo nk'ubwo, ishyirwa mu byuma bya batiri ya lithium na batiri ya lithium-ion, bihuye na nimero ya UN30301 na UN3481.
• Imodoka ikoreshwa na batiri ya Litiyumu cyangwa ibikoresho bikoresha ubwikorezi: Ingero zirimo imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi, amagare y’amashanyarazi, ibimoteri by’amashanyarazi, intebe z’ibimuga, n’ibindi, bihuye na UN3171.

Batteri ya lithium isaba gupakira ibicuruzwa bishobora guteza akaga?

Ukurikije amabwiriza ya TDG, bateri ya lithium isaba gupakira ibicuruzwa bishobora guteza akaga harimo:

• Batteri yicyuma ya Litiyumu cyangwa bateri ya lithium ivanze na lithium irenze 1g.
• Ibikoresho bya Litiyumu cyangwa lithium alloy ipaki ya batiri hamwe na lithium yuzuye irenga 2g.
• Batteri ya Litiyumu-ion ifite ubushobozi bwapimwe burenga 20 Wh, hamwe na paki ya batiri ya lithium-ion ifite ubushobozi bwapimwe burenga 100 Wh.

Ni ngombwa kumenya ko bateri ya lithium isonewe ibicuruzwa byangiritse bikeneye kwerekana igipimo cya watt-isaha ku bipfunyika byo hanze. Byongeye kandi, bagomba kwerekana ibimenyetso bya batiri ya lithium yujuje ibyangombwa, birimo umupaka ucagaguye umutuku n'ikimenyetso cyirabura cyerekana ibyago byumuriro kubipaki ya batiri na selile.

Nibihe bisabwa byo kwipimisha mbere yo kohereza bateri ya lithium?

Mbere yo kohereza bateri ya lithium ifite numero za UN3480, UN3481, UN3090, na UN3091, bagomba gukora ibizamini bitandukanye nkuko bivugwa mu gika cya 38.3 cy'igice cya III cy'umuryango w'abibumbye 'Ibyifuzo ku gutwara ibicuruzwa biteje akaga - Igitabo cyibizamini n'ibipimo. Ibizamini birimo: kwigana ubutumburuke, ikizamini cyamagare yubushyuhe (ubushyuhe bwo hejuru nubushyuhe buke), kunyeganyega, guhungabana, umuzunguruko mugufi wo hanze kuri 55 ℃, ingaruka, kumenagura, kurenza urugero, no gusohora ku gahato. Ibi bizamini bikorwa kugirango harebwe umutekano wa bateri ya lithium.

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa muri litiro?

Dukurikije ingingo ya 17 yAmategeko y'abaturage's Repubulika y'Ubushinwa ku Kugenzura Ibicuruzwa no Kwohereza mu mahanga, ibigo bitanga ibikoresho byo gupakira ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bigomba gusaba ubuyobozi bushinzwe kugenzura no gushyira mu kato kugira ngo hasuzumwe imikorere y’ibikoresho bipakira. Ibigo bitanga kandi byohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga bigomba gusaba isuzumabumenyi ryo gukoresha ibikoresho bipakira bivuye mu nzego zishinzwe ubugenzuzi n’akato. Kubwibyo, kuri bateri ya lithium ipakiye mubicuruzwa byangiritse, uruganda rugomba gusaba gasutamo yaho kugirango igenzure imikorere kandi ikoreshe isuzuma mbere yo kohereza hanze. Uruganda rukeneye kubonaIbicuruzwa byo hanze byo gutwara ibicuruzwa bipakira imikorere yo kugenzura ibisubizonaIbicuruzwa byo hanze bisohoka hanze Gutwara ibicuruzwa Koresha Ifishi Yibisubizo. Inzira yinyandiko irashobora koroshya ukurikije amabwiriza abigenga nkaItangazo kuri Digitisation yubugenzuzi ninyandiko za karantine.

Ibigo bitanga ibicuruzwa byohereza ibicuruzwa hanze bishobora gukoreshwa kuri gasutamo yahoIbicuruzwa byo hanze byo gutwara ibicuruzwa bipakira imikorere yo kugenzura ibisubizo. Igihe cyemewe cyo kugenwa kigenwa hashingiwe ku miterere y'ibikoresho bipakira hamwe n'imiterere y'ibicuruzwa bitwara, muri rusange ntibirenza amezi 12 uhereye igihe ibicuruzwa byakorewe. Niba ibicuruzwa bitoherejwe mugihe cyemewe, kandi ibipfunyika byo hanze bimeze neza, uruganda rushobora kongera gusaba kugenzura imikorere. Nyuma yo gutsinda igenzura, ifishi yavuguruwe irashobora gukoreshwa mubyoherezwa mu mahanga kandi izakomeza kugira agaciro kugeza kumezi 6 uhereye igihe igenzura ryarangiriye.

Ibigo bitanga ibicuruzwa bishobora guteza akaga (urugero, uruganda rukora batiri ya lithium cyangwa rwohereza ibicuruzwa hanze) bigomba gusaba gasutamo yahoIbicuruzwa byo hanze bisohoka hanze Gutwara ibicuruzwa Koresha Ifishi Yibisubizo. Batteri ya lithium igomba kwerekana ingufu zapimwe (W · h). Mu gihe cyo gushyira mu bikorwa ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’ibicuruzwa bitwara ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga bikoreshwa mu gusuzuma, gasutamo izasuzuma ibi bikurikira kugira ngo umuntu yuzuze ibisabwa:

• Ibimenyetso bisobanutse, bifite umutekano, kandi bikosore ibimenyetso bya UN bipfunyitse, amakuru yicyiciro, nibimenyetso byibicuruzwa bigomba gucapishwa kubintu bipakira. Ibimenyetso, ibimenyetso, hamwe nububiko bigomba kubahiriza ibisabwa bijyanye.
• Isura yo hanze yububiko igomba kuba ifite isuku, nta bisigara, kwanduza, cyangwa kumeneka byemewe.
• Iyo ushakishije agasanduku k'ibiti cyangwa fibre ifite imisumari, bigomba kumanikwa neza, kandi imisumari igomba kunama. Inama z'imisumari hamwe n'ingofero ntibigomba gusohoka. Isanduku yumubiri igomba kuba idahwitse, kandi gukenyera bigomba kuba bifatanye hafi yagasanduku. Agasanduku k'impapuro kagoswe kagomba kutangirika, hamwe no gufunga neza kandi gukomeye, kandi gukenyera bigomba kuba bifatanye hafi yagasanduku.
• Hagomba kubaho ibikoresho bitayobora hagati ya bateri imwe cyangwa paki ya batiri hamwe na bateri zegeranye kugirango wirinde guhura.
• Batteri igomba kugira ibikoresho bigufi byo kurinda.
• Electrode ya bateri ntigomba gushyigikira uburemere bwizindi bateri zegeranye.
• Ingingo zidasanzwe zo gupakira bateri ya lithium cyangwa paki za batiri ziri mumabwiriza mpuzamahanga agomba kubahirizwa.

Ihohoterwa rusange

Kuva ihohoterwa risanzwe mu kohereza bateri ya lithium, ibibazo nyamukuru byagaragajwe na gasutamo harimo: ibigo binanirwa gusaba aIbicuruzwa byo hanze bisohoka hanze Gutwara ibicuruzwa Koresha Ifishi Yibisubizoutujuje ibyangombwa bisonewe; ibimenyetso bya batiri ya lithium kubipfunyika byo hanze bitwikiriwe cyangwa biterekanwa nkuko bisabwa.

Ibirango

• Ibirango byo gutwara batiri ya lithium birashobora gucapishwa kumpapuro A4?

Ntabwo ari byiza gucapa ku mpapuro za A4 kuko bishobora kuganisha ku kwangirika cyangwa gutandukana. Kugirango ubwikorezi bwinyanja, ibirango byubwikorezi bigomba kuguma bisobanutse kandi bigaragara na nyuma yo gushiramo amazi yinyanja mumezi arenga atatu.

• Ese ibirango byo gutwara ibyiciro 9 byo muri TDG birimo urucacagu? Ibirango bidafite umurongo ucagaguye bifatwa nkibidahuye?

Ukurikije amabwiriza ya label mu gice cya 5.2.2.2, TDG Umubumbe wa 2, niba ikirango gishyizwe kumurongo utandukanye, nta mpamvu yo kwerekana impande zinyuma hamwe n'umurongo ucagaguye.

Nigute ushobora gukora isuzuma ryo gukoresha kububiko bwa lithium ya batiri yo kubika ingufu zifite ubunini burenze urugero ibicuruzwa byapakira ibicuruzwa bipima gukoresha?

Kububiko bwokubika ingufu hamwe na bateri yubatswe na lithium, kubera ko idafite ibipfunyika hanze, ntabwo biri mubipimo byo kugenzura ibicuruzwa byangiza. Kubwibyo, nta mpamvu yo gutanga ibyangombwa kuri gasutamo kubicuruzwa bipfunyika bikoreshwa mugusuzuma.

Ibisabwa byo gutumiza bateri ya lithium-ion?

kugenzura ibicuruzwa bipfunyika.

Kubitumiza muri bateri ya lithium, raporo ya UN38.3 irahagije, kandi nta mpamvu yo kunyuramo.