Californiya yamye ari umuyobozi mugutezimbere iterambere rya lisansi isukuye hamwe n’imodoka zangiza. Kuva mu 1990, Ikigo gishinzwe umutungo w’ikirere cya Californiya (CARB) cyashyizeho gahunda ya “zero-emission” (ZEV) yo gushyira mu bikorwa imiyoborere ya ZEV muri Californiya.
Muri 2020, guverineri wa Californiya yashyize umukono ku cyemezo cy’ubutegetsi bwa zeru (N-79-20) mu 2035, icyo gihe imodoka zose nshya, zirimo bisi n’amakamyo, zagurishijwe muri Californiya zizakenera kuba imodoka zangiza. Mu rwego rwo gufasha leta kugera mu nzira yo kutabogama kwa karubone mu 2045, igurishwa ry’imodoka zitwara abagenzi zaka imbere zizarangira mu 2035. Kugira ngo ibyo bishoboke, CARB yemeye Imodoka ziteye isuku II mu 2022.
Iki gihe umwanditsi azasobanura aya mabwiriza muburyo bwaIkibazo.
Imodoka zeru zangiza?
Imodoka zangiza-zeru zirimo ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi byera (EV), imashini icomeka ya Hybrid (PHEV) hamwe n’ibinyabiziga bitanga amashanyarazi (FCEV). Muri byo, PHEV igomba kuba ifite amashanyarazi byibura kilometero 50.
Ese muri Californiya hazaba hakiri ibinyabiziga bya lisansi nyuma ya 2035?
Yego. Californiya irasaba gusa ko imodoka nshya zose zagurishijwe muri 2035 no hanze yazo zaba zeru zangiza, harimo ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi byera, imashini icomeka hamwe n’ibinyabiziga bitwara lisansi. Imodoka ya lisansi irashobora gutwarwa muri Californiya, ikandikwa muri Californiya ishami ry’ibinyabiziga, ikagurishwa ba nyirayo nkimodoka zikoreshwa.
Nibihe bisabwa biramba kubinyabiziga bya ZEV? (CCR, umutwe wa 13, igice 1962.7)
Kuramba bigomba guhura nimyaka 10 / 150.000 km (250.000km).
Muri 2026-2030: Iyemeze ko 70% yimodoka igera kuri 70% yumurongo wamashanyarazi wemewe.
Nyuma ya 2030: ibinyabiziga byose bigera kuri 80% byumuriro wose wamashanyarazi.
Nibihe bisabwa kuri bateri yimodoka yamashanyarazi? （CCR, umutwe wa 13, igice 1962.8）
Abakora ibinyabiziga basabwa gutanga garanti ya batiri. Imodoka yambere isukuye II ikubiyemo ingingo zisaba abakora ibinyabiziga gutanga garanti ntarengwa yimyaka umunani cyangwa kilometero 100.000, iyambere ibaye.
Nibihe bisabwa kugirango bateri itunganyirizwe?
Imodoka isukuye yambere isaba abakora ZEVs, gucomeka mumashanyarazi ya Hybride hamwe n’ibinyabiziga bikoresha amashanyarazi bivanga ibirango kuri bateri yimodoka itanga amakuru yingenzi kuri sisitemu ya bateri kugirango ikoreshwe nyuma.
Nibihe bisabwa byihariye kubirango bya batiri? (CCRumutwe wa 13, igice 1962.6)
| Ikoreshwa | Iki gice kizakurikizwa mu 2026 nuwakurikiyeho wicyitegererezo cyumwaka wa zero-isohora imyuka, imashini icomeka mumashanyarazi, ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi. |
| Ibisobanuro Byirango Ibisobanuro | 1.Ikiranga chimie yerekana bateri ya chimie, ubwoko bwa cathode, ubwoko bwa anode, uwabikoze, nitariki yo gukoreramo ukurikije SAE, International (SAE) J2984 ；2.Umuvuduko ntarengwa wa paki ya batiri, Vmin0, hamwe na bateri ntoya ya selile ya voltage, Vmin0, selireiyo ipaki ya batiri iri kuri Vmin0；
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| Ikirango | 1.Ikirango kigomba kumanikwa hanze ya bateri kuburyo igaragara kandi igerwaho mugihe bateri yakuwe mumodoka. Kuri bateri zabugenewe kuburyo ibice bya paki ya batiri bishobora gukurwaho ukundi.2.Ikirango nacyo kigomba kuba cyometse kumwanya ugaragara mubice bya moteri cyangwa imbere ya powertrain cyangwa imizigo. |
| Imiterere y'ikirango | 1.Ibisobanuro bisabwa kuri label bigomba kuba mururimi rwicyongereza;2.Ikiranga digitale kuri label igomba kuba yujuje QR code ya (ISO) 18004: 2015. |
| Ibindi bisabwa | Ababikora cyangwa ababashizeho bagomba gushyiraho no kubungabunga imbuga imwe cyangwa nyinshi zitanga amakuru akurikira ajyanye na bateri yikurura yikinyabiziga:1.Ibisobanuro byose bisabwa gucapirwa kumurongo wumubiri munsi yingingo. 2.Kubara selile zitandukanye muri bateri. 3.ibintu bishobora guteza akaga muri batteriy. 4. amakuru yumutekano wibicuruzwa cyangwa kwibutsa amakuru. |
Incamake
Usibye ibyangombwa by'imodoka zitwara abagenzi, Californiya yanashyizeho Ikamyo Yisukuye Yisuku, isaba abayikora kugurisha gusa zeru-zeru ziva mu modoka ziciriritse kandi ziremereye guhera mu 2036; muri 2045, amakamyo na bisi zitwara abagenzi muri Californiya bizagera kuri zeru. Iri ni naryo tegeko rya mbere ryateganijwe kwisi zero-gusohora amakamyo.
Usibye gushyiraho amabwiriza ateganijwe, Californiya yanatangije gahunda yo kugabana imodoka, gahunda yo kugoboka ibinyabiziga bisukuye hamwe na lisansi nkeya. Izi politiki na gahunda byashyizwe mu bikorwa muri Kanada no mu zindi ntara zo muri Amerika.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama-05-2024