Ingano yimikorere ya sisitemu yo kubika ingufu muri iki gihe ikubiyemo ibintu byose byerekeranye n’ingufu z’ingufu, harimo n’ibisanzwe bitanga ingufu nini nini, kubyara ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu, gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi, imiyoboro ikwirakwiza, hamwe n’imicungire y’amashanyarazi ku iherezo ry’abakoresha. Mubikorwa bifatika, sisitemu yo kubika ingufu igomba guhuza ingufu za DC nkeya zitanga mu buryo butaziguye kuri voltage nini ya AC ya voltage ya gride ikoresheje inverter. Muri icyo gihe, inverters nayo isabwa gukomeza umurongo wa gride mugihe habaye kwivanga kwinshi, kugirango ugere kuri gride ihuza sisitemu yo kubika ingufu. Kugeza ubu, ibihugu bimwe na bimwe byatanze ibisabwa bijyanye na sisitemu yo kubika ingufu hamwe na inverter. Muri byo, sisitemu isanzwe ihuza imiyoboro yatanzwe na Amerika, Ubudage, n'Ubutaliyani biragutse cyane, bizatangizwa ku buryo burambuye hepfo.
Amerika
Mu 2003, Ikigo cy’abashinzwe amashanyarazi n’ikoranabuhanga (IEEE) cyo muri Amerika cyasohoye igipimo cya IEEE1547, kikaba cyari cyo cyambere cyo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi. Nyuma, IEEE 1547 yuruhererekane rwibipimo (IEEE 1547.1 ~ IEEE 1547.9) byasohotse, hashyirwaho uburyo bwuzuye bwikoranabuhanga rya enterineti. Igisobanuro cyingufu zagabanijwe muri Reta zunzubumwe zamerika cyagiye buhoro buhoro kiva mubyambere byoroheje byagabanijwe kubyara ingufu kugeza kubikwa ingufu, igisubizo gikenewe, gukoresha ingufu, ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi nizindi nzego. Kugeza ubu, sisitemu yo kubika ingufu hamwe na inverter zoherejwe muri Amerika bigomba kuba byujuje ubuziranenge bwa IEEE 1547 na IEEE 1547.1, ibyo bikaba aribyo byangombwa byinjira ku isoko ry’Amerika.
Bisanzwe No. | Izina |
IEEE 1547: 2018 | IEEE Igipimo cyo Guhuza no Guhuza Umutungo Wagabanijwe Umutungo Uhuriweho na Associated Electric Power Systems Interfaces |
IEEE 1547.1: 2020 | IEEE Ibipimo ngenderwaho byuburyo bukoreshwa kubikoresho bihuza umutungo ukwirakwizwa hamwe na sisitemu y'amashanyarazi hamwe na interineti ihuriweho. |
Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’i Burayi
Amabwiriza y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi 2016/631Gushiraho umuyoboro wa kode kubisabwa kugirango umuyoboro uhuza amashanyarazi . Muri byo, EN 50549-1 / -2 ni ihame rihuza amabwiriza. Birakwiye ko tumenya ko nubwo sisitemu yo kubika ingufu itari mu rwego rwo gushyira mu bikorwa amabwiriza ya RfG, yashyizwe mu rwego rwo gushyira mu bikorwa urutonde rwa EN 50549. Kugeza ubu, sisitemu yo kubika ingufu zihuza ingufu zinjira ku isoko ry’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi muri rusange zigomba kuba zujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa na EN 50549-1 / -2, kimwe n’ibindi bihugu by’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi.
Bisanzwe No. | Izina | Igipimo cyo gusaba |
EN 50549-1: 2019 + A1: 2023 | Ibisabwa ku mashanyarazi ahujwe no guhuza imiyoboro yo gukwirakwiza - Igice cya 1: Kwihuza imiyoboro ikwirakwiza amashanyarazi make - Amashanyarazi yo mu bwoko bwa B na munsi) | Ibikoresho bisabwa kugirango uhuze Ubwoko B na munsi (800W < power≤6MW) ibikoresho bitanga amashanyarazi bihujwe numuyoboro muke wo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi |
EN 50549-2: 2019 | Ibisabwa ku mashanyarazi ahujwe no guhuza imiyoboro - Igice cya 2: Kwihuza imiyoboro ikwirakwiza amashanyarazi - Amashanyarazi yo mu bwoko bwa B no hejuru) | Imiyoboro ihuza imiyoboro yubwoko B no hejuru (800W < power≤6MW) ibikoresho bitanga amashanyarazi bihujwe numuyoboro wo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi hagati |
Ubudage
Mu ntangiriro za 2000, Ubudage bwatangaje UwitekaAmategeko y’ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa. Kubera ko umurongo ngenderwaho wa gride washyizeho gusa ibisabwa muri rusange, Ubudage bw’ingufu z’umuyaga n’andi mashyirahamwe y’iterambere ry’ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu (FGW) nyuma bwashyizeho urutonde rw’ibipimo bya tekinike TR1 ~ TR8 bishingiye kuri EEG. Nyuma,Ubudage yasohoye agashyainteguroya voltage yo hagati ya gride ihuza umurongo ngenderwaho VDE-AR-N 4110: 2018 muri 2018 ukurikije amabwiriza ya EU RfG, gusimbuza umurongo wambere wa BDEW.Uwiteka Icyitegererezo cyerekana iki gitabo gikubiyemo ibice bitatu: kugerageza ubwoko, kugereranya icyitegererezo na icyemezo, gishyirwa mu bikorwa hakurikijwe ibipimo TR3, TR4 na TR8 byatanzwe na FGW. KuriUmuvuduko mwinshiimiyoboro ihuza imiyoboro,VDE-AR-N-4120bizakurikizwa.
Amabwiriza | Igipimo cyo gusaba |
VDE-AR-N 4105: 2018 | Bikoreshwa mubikoresho bitanga amashanyarazi nibikoresho byo kubika ingufu bihujwe na gride yumuriro muto (≤1kV), cyangwa ifite ubushobozi butarenze 135kW. Irakoreshwa kandi kuri sisitemu yo kubyara amashanyarazi ifite ubushobozi bwa 135kW cyangwa irenga ariko ibikoresho bimwe bitanga ingufu zitarenza 30kW. |
VDE-AR-N 4110: 2023 | Irakoreshwa mubikoresho bitanga amashanyarazi, ibikoresho byo kubika ingufu, ibikoresho bikenerwa ningufu, hamwe na sitasiyo yumuriro wamashanyarazi uhujwe na gride ya voltage yo hagati (1kV < V < 60kV) ifite amashanyarazi ahuza 135kW no hejuru |
VDE-AR-N 4120: 2018 | Irakoreshwa kuri sisitemu yo kubyara amashanyarazi, ibikoresho byo kubika ingufu hamwe na sitasiyo yumuriro wamashanyarazi ihujwe na gride yumuriro mwinshi (60kV≤V < 150kV). |
Ubutaliyani
Komisiyo y’amashanyarazi y’Ubutaliyani (COMITATO ELETTROTECNICO ITALIANO, CEI) yasohoye ibipimo ngenderwaho bijyanye n’umuvuduko ukabije w’amashanyarazi, hagati y’umuvuduko ukabije n’umuvuduko mwinshi w’amashanyarazi kugira ngo ubike ingufu za sisitemu yo guhuza imiyoboro isabwa, ikoreshwa ku bikoresho bibika ingufu bihujwe na sisitemu y’amashanyarazi y’Ubutaliyani. Ibipimo byombi nibisabwa byinjira muri sisitemu yo kubika ingufu zihuza ingufu mu Butaliyani.
Bisanzwe No. | Izina | Igipimo cyo gusaba |
CEI 0-21; V1: 2022 | Reba amategeko ya tekiniki yo guhuza abakoresha bakora kandi boroheje kubakoresha amashanyarazi make | Bikoreshwa kubakoresha kugirango bahuze umuyoboro wo gukwirakwiza hamwe na voltage ya AC yagabanutse (≤1kV) |
CEI 0-16: 2022 | Reba amategeko ya tekiniki kubakoresha bakora kandi boroheje kugirango bagere kumashanyarazi maremare kandi aciriritse ya gride yamasosiyete ikwirakwiza) | Bikoreshwa kubakoresha bahujwe numuyoboro wo gukwirakwiza hamwe na AC ya voltage yagereranijwe ya voltage yo hagati cyangwa nini (1kV ~ 150kV) |
Ibindi bihugu by’Uburayi
Imiyoboro ihuza imiyoboro y’ibindi bihugu by’Uburayi ntabwo izasobanurwa hano, kandi hazashyirwa ku rutonde ibipimo ngenderwaho byemewe.
Igihugu | Ibisabwa |
Ububiligi | C10 / 11Ibisabwa byihariye bya tekiniki kubikoresho byegerejwe abaturage bikorera hamwe murwego rwo gukwirakwiza.
Ibisabwa bya tekiniki byihariye kugirango uhuze ibikoresho byegerejwe abaturage bikorera hamwe murwego rwo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi |
Rumaniya | ANRE Iteka no. 30/2013-Ibisanzwe bya tekiniki-Ibisabwa bya tekiniki yo guhuza amashanyarazi y’amashanyarazi n’umuyoboro rusange w’amashanyarazi ; ANRE Iteka no. 51 / 2009- Ibisabwa bya tekiniki-tekiniki Ibisabwa kugirango uhuze amashanyarazi yumuyaga numuyoboro rusange w'amashanyarazi ;
ANRE Iteka no. 29/2013-Tekiniki isanzwe-Yongeweho kubisabwa tekinike yo guhuza amashanyarazi yumuyaga numuyoboro rusange w'amashanyarazi
|
Busuwisi | NA / EEA-CH, Igenamiterere ry'igihugu Ubusuwisi |
Siloveniya | SONDO na SONDSEE (Amategeko yigihugu ya Siloveniya yo guhuza no gukora amashanyarazi mumashanyarazi) |
Ubushinwa
Ubushinwa bwatangiye gutinda mu guteza imbere sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za tekinoroji. Kugeza ubu, ibipimo ngenderwaho byigihugu byo kubika ingufu za gride bihujwe birategurwa kandi birekurwa. Byizerwa ko sisitemu yuzuye ihuza imiyoboro isanzwe izashyirwaho mugihe kizaza.
Bisanzwe | Izina | Icyitonderwa |
GB / T 36547-2018 | Amabwiriza ya tekiniki yo guhuza amashanyarazi yububiko bwamashanyarazi na gride | GB / T 36547-2024 izashyirwa mu bikorwa mu Kuboza 2024 kandi izasimbuza iyi nyandiko |
GB / T 36548-2018 | Uburyo bwo kugerageza amashanyarazi abika amashanyarazi kugirango ahuze amashanyarazi | GB / T 36548-2024 izashyirwa mu bikorwa muri Mutarama 2025 kandi izasimbura iyi nyandiko |
GB / T 43526-2023 | Amabwiriza ya tekiniki yo guhuza uruhande rwumukoresha amashanyarazi yububiko bwa sisitemu yo gukwirakwiza | Byashyizwe mu bikorwa muri Nyakanga 2024 |
GB / T 44113-2024 | Ibisobanuro bya grid-ihuza imiyoborere ya sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za electrochemic | Byashyizwe mu bikorwa mu Kuboza 2024 |
GB / T XXXXX | Ibisobanuro rusange byumutekano kuri sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za gride | Reba kuri IEC TS 62933-5-1: 2017 (MOD) |
Incamake
Ikoranabuhanga ryo kubika ingufu ni byanze bikunze bigize inzibacyuho y’ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu, kandi ikoreshwa rya sisitemu yo kubika ingufu zahujwe na gride irihuta, biteganijwe ko izagira uruhare runini muri gride. Kugeza ubu, ibihugu byinshi bizarekura imiyoboro ihuza imiyoboro ikurikije uko ibintu bimeze. Kubakora sisitemu yo kubika ingufu, birakenewe kumva neza ibisabwa kugirango isoko ryinjire mbere yo gutegura ibicuruzwa, kugirango huzuzwe neza ibisabwa n'amategeko agenga ibyoherezwa mu mahanga, kugabanya igihe cyo kugenzura ibicuruzwa, no gushyira ibicuruzwa ku isoko vuba.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-14-2024