Amavu n'amavuko

Ikibazo cy’ingufu cyatumye sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za batiri ya lithium-ion ikoreshwa cyane mu myaka mike ishize, ariko kandi habaye impanuka zitari nke zangiza ibyangiza ibidukikije n’ibidukikije, igihombo cy’ubukungu, ndetse no gutakaza ubuzima. Iperereza ryerekanye ko nubwo ESS yujuje ubuziranenge bujyanye na sisitemu ya batiri, nka UL 9540 na UL 9540A, habaye ikoreshwa nabi ry’umuriro n’umuriro. Kubwibyo, kwigira kumasomo yashize no gusesengura ingaruka n'ingamba zo guhangana nabyo bizagirira akamaro iterambere ryikoranabuhanga rya ESS.

Gusubiramo imanza

Ibikurikira byerekana muri make impanuka zatewe na ESS nini ku isi kuva 2019 kugeza ubu, byatangajwe kumugaragaro.

Impamvu zimpanuka zavuzwe haruguru zirashobora kuvugwa muri make nkibiri bikurikira:

1) Kunanirwa kwingirabuzimafatizo imbere bitera gukoresha nabi bateri na module, hanyuma amaherezo bigatuma ESS yose ifata umuriro cyangwa igaturika.

Kunanirwa guterwa no gukoresha ubushyuhe bwa selile bigaragara cyane ko umuriro ukurikirwa no guturika. Urugero, impanuka z’amashanyarazi ya McMicken i Arizona, muri Amerika muri 2019 hamwe n’amashanyarazi ya Fengtai i Beijing, mu Bushinwa mu 2021 byombi byaturikiye nyuma y’umuriro. Ibintu nkibi biterwa no kunanirwa kwingirangingo imwe, itera imiti yimbere, ikarekura ubushyuhe (reaction ya exothermic reaction), kandi ubushyuhe bukomeje kwiyongera no gukwirakwira muri selile na modul hafi, bitera umuriro cyangwa guturika. Uburyo bwo kunanirwa kwakagari muri rusange buterwa no kurenza urugero cyangwa kugenzura sisitemu yo kunanirwa, guhura nubushyuhe bwumuriro, imiyoboro ngufi yo hanze hamwe n’umuzunguruko mugufi (bishobora guterwa nibintu bitandukanye nka indentation cyangwa dent, umwanda wibintu, kwinjira mubintu byo hanze, nibindi. ).

Nyuma yo gukoresha nabi ubushyuhe bwakagari, hazakorwa gaze yaka umuriro. Uhereye hejuru urashobora kubona ko ibintu bitatu byambere biturika bifite impamvu imwe, iyo ni gaze yaka ntishobora gusohoka mugihe gikwiye. Kuri iyi ngingo, bateri, module hamwe na sisitemu yo guhumeka ibintu ni ngombwa cyane. Mubisanzwe imyuka isohoka muri bateri ikoresheje valve isohoka, kandi amabwiriza yumuvuduko wa valve isohoka irashobora kugabanya kwirundanya kwa gaze yaka. Mu cyiciro cya module, mubisanzwe umufana wo hanze cyangwa igishushanyo mbonera cyo gukonjesha bizakoreshwa kugirango wirinde kwirundanya imyuka yaka. Hanyuma, murwego rwa kontineri, ibikoresho byo guhumeka hamwe na sisitemu yo kugenzura nabyo birasabwa kwimura imyuka yaka.

2) Kunanirwa kwa ESS guterwa no kunanirwa kwa sisitemu yo hanze

Muri rusange kunanirwa kwa ESS guterwa no kunanirwa kwa sisitemu yubufasha mubisanzwe bibaho hanze ya sisitemu ya bateri kandi bishobora kuvamo gutwika cyangwa umwotsi uva mubice byo hanze. Kandi iyo sisitemu yakurikiranaga kandi ikayisubiza mugihe gikwiye, ntabwo bizatera kunanirwa kwakagari cyangwa gukoresha nabi ubushyuhe. Mu mpanuka za sitasiyo y’amashanyarazi ya Vistra Moss Icyiciro cya 1 2021 n’icyiciro cya 2 2022, havutse umwotsi n’umuriro kubera ko kugenzura amakosa ndetse n’ibikoresho bitagira umutekano by’amashanyarazi byazimye icyo gihe mu cyiciro cya komisiyo kandi ntibishobora gutabara mu gihe gikwiye. . Ubu bwoko bwo gutwika umuriro butangirira hanze ya sisitemu ya bateri mbere yuko ikwirakwira imbere muri selire, bityo rero ntihabeho reaction ya exothermic reaction hamwe no gukusanya gaze yaka, kandi mubisanzwe nta guturika. Ikirenzeho, niba sisitemu ya spinkler ishobora gufungura mugihe, ntabwo bizangiza byinshi mubigo.

Impanuka y’umuriro wa “Victorian Power Station” yabereye i Geelong, muri Ositaraliya mu 2021 yatewe n’umuzunguruko mugufi muri batiri watewe no gukonjesha gukonje, kutwibutsa kwitondera akato ka sisitemu ya batiri. Birasabwa kugumana umwanya runaka hagati yububiko bwo hanze na sisitemu ya batiri kugirango wirinde kwivanga. Sisitemu ya bateri igomba kandi kuba ifite ibikoresho byo gukumira kugirango birinde imiyoboro ngufi yo hanze.

Kurwanya ingamba

Duhereye ku isesengura ryavuzwe haruguru, biragaragara ko ibitera impanuka za ESS ari ugukoresha ubushyuhe bw’akagari no kunanirwa kwa sisitemu yo gufasha. Niba kunanirwa bidashobora gukumirwa, noneho kugabanya ibindi byangirika nyuma yo guhagarika kunanirwa nabyo bishobora kugabanya igihombo. Ingamba zo guhangana nazo zishobora gusuzumwa mu buryo bukurikira:

Guhagarika ubushyuhe bwakwirakwijwe nyuma yo gukoresha nabi selile

Inzitizi yo gukumira irashobora kongerwaho kugirango ihagarike ikwirakwizwa ry’ubushyuhe bw’akagari, rishobora gushyirwaho hagati ya selile, hagati ya module cyangwa hagati ya rack. Ku mugereka wa NFPA 855 (Igipimo cyo Gushiraho Sisitemu yo Kubika Ingufu Zihagarara), urashobora kandi kubona ibisabwa bijyanye. Ingamba zihariye zo gutandukanya bariyeri zirimo gushyiramo ibyapa byamazi akonje, airgel nibindi bikunda hagati ya selile.

Igikoresho cyo kuzimya umuriro muri sisitemu ya batiri kirashobora kongerwamo kugirango gishobore guhita gikora kugirango gikoreshe igikoresho cyo kuzimya umuriro mugihe ikoreshwa ryubushyuhe riba muri selire imwe. Ubuhanga bwa chimie bwihishe inyuma yumuriro wa lithium-ion biganisha ku bundi buryo bwo guhagarika umuriro kuri sisitemu yo kubika ingufu kuruta ibisubizo bisanzwe byo kuzimya umuriro, ntabwo ari ukuzimya umuriro gusa, ahubwo no kugabanya ubushyuhe bwa bateri. Bitabaye ibyo, imiti ya exothermic chimique ya selile izakomeza kubaho kandi itera kongera gutwikwa.

Birakenewe kandi kwitabwaho muguhitamo ibikoresho bizimya umuriro. Niba amazi yatewe neza kuri bateri yaka bishobora kubyara gaze ivanze. Niba kandi ikariso ya batiri cyangwa ikaramu ikozwe mubyuma, amazi ntizarinda ikoreshwa nabi ryumuriro. Rimwe na rimwe byerekana ko amazi cyangwa ubundi bwoko bwamazi ahuye na bateri ya batiri nayo ashobora kongera umuriro. Kurugero, mu mpanuka y’umuriro ya sitasiyo y’amashanyarazi ya Vistra Moss muri Nzeri 2021, raporo zagaragaje ko imiyoboro ikonjesha ya sitasiyo hamwe n’umuyoboro w’imiyoboro byananiranye, bigatuma amazi atemba kuri bateri hanyuma amaherezo bigatuma bateri ziba mu muyoboro mugufi na arc.

1.Kurekura mugihe cyuka cyaka

Raporo zose zavuzwe haruguru zerekana ko imyuka yaka ari yo ntandaro yo guturika. Kubwibyo, igishushanyo mbonera cyimiterere, imiterere ya gaz na sisitemu yo guhumeka nibyingenzi mukugabanya ibi byago. Mubisanzwe NFPA 855 haravugwa ko hakenewe sisitemu yo gutahura gazi ikomeza. Mugihe hagaragaye urwego runaka rwa gaze yaka (ni ukuvuga 25% ya LFL), sisitemu izatangira guhumeka neza. Byongeye kandi, UL 9540A igipimo cyibizamini nacyo kivuga ibyasabwaga gukusanya umuyaga no kumenya igipimo gito cya gaze LFL.

Usibye guhumeka, birasabwa kandi gukoresha panneaux yubutabazi. Muri NFPA 855 havugwa ko ESS igomba gushyirwaho no kubungabungwa hakurikijwe NFPA 68 (Standard on Kurinda Ibisasu na Deflagration Venting) na NFPA 69 (Ibipimo ngenderwaho kuri Sisitemu yo Kurinda Ibisasu). Ariko, mugihe sisitemu yubahirije ikizamini cyumuriro no guturika (UL 9540A cyangwa ibisa nayo), irashobora gusonerwa iki gisabwa. Ariko, kubera ko ibisabwa kugirango ibizamini bitagaragaza neza uko ibintu bimeze, birasabwa kongera imbaraga zo guhumeka no guturika.

2.Kwirinda kunanirwa sisitemu zifasha

Porogaramu idahagije / porogaramu ya porogaramu no gutangiza / gutangiza mbere yo gutangira nabyo byagize uruhare mu mashanyarazi ya Victorian na Vistra Moss Landing Power Station. Mu muriro w’amashanyarazi ya Victorian, ihohoterwa ry’ubushyuhe ryatangijwe nimwe muri module ntirwamenyekanye cyangwa ngo rihagarike, kandi umuriro wakurikiyeho ntiwahagaritswe. Impamvu yatumye iki kibazo kibaho nuko komisiyo itasabwaga icyo gihe, kandi sisitemu yarahagaritswe nintoki, harimo sisitemu ya telemetrie, kugenzura amakosa ndetse nigikoresho cyangiza amashanyarazi. Byongeye kandi, sisitemu yo kugenzura no gukusanya amakuru (SCADA) nayo yari itarakora, kuko byatwaye amasaha 24 kugirango habeho guhuza ibikoresho.

Kubwibyo, birasabwa ko module iyo ari yo yose idafite akazi igomba kuba ifite ibikoresho nka telemetrie ikora, kugenzura amakosa hamwe n’ibikoresho by’umutekano w’amashanyarazi, aho gufungwa nintoki hifashishijwe uburyo bwo gufunga. Ibikoresho byose birinda umutekano w'amashanyarazi bigomba kubikwa muburyo bukora. Mubyongeyeho, sisitemu yo gutabaza yinyongera igomba kongerwaho kugirango tumenye kandi dusubize ibintu byihutirwa.

Ikosa rya porogaramu ya software ryabonetse no muri Vistra Moss Landing Power Station Icyiciro cya 1 nicya 2, kubera ko urwego rwo gutangira rutarenze, ubushyuhe bwa batiri bwarakozwe. Muri icyo gihe, guhuza imiyoboro y'amazi kunanirwa no kumeneka hejuru ya bateri bituma amazi aboneka kuri module ya bateri hanyuma bigatera umuzenguruko mugufi. Izi ngero zombi zerekana uburyo ari ngombwa kuri software / software software igenzurwa kandi igacibwa mbere yuburyo bwo gutangira.

Incamake

Binyuze mu isesengura ry’impanuka nyinshi z’umuriro muri sitasiyo ibika ingufu, hagomba gushyirwa imbere cyane cyane guhumeka no guturika, gushyiraho uburyo bwiza no gutangiza, harimo kugenzura porogaramu za porogaramu, zishobora gukumira impanuka za batiri. Byongeye kandi, hagomba gutegurwa gahunda yuzuye yo gutabara byihutirwa kugirango habeho kubyara imyuka yubumara nibintu.